摘要
研究针对徽州传统民居的庭院空间展开空间组织模式分析,对63处传统民居庭院进行调研,提取了面积、面积比、长宽比、饱和度和边界系数五个量化指标对庭院空间进行描述,并运用聚类分析的方法对庭院空间进行分类。总结出中小规模方整型、中小规模条型、中小规模不规则型和大规模复杂型四种庭院类型,在此基础上对庭院位置与其中要素的分布规律进行归纳。研究得出:四类庭院在位置分布与要素布置上均有所不同,中小规模方整型庭院作为空间过渡与补充,以前院和后院居多,多布置绿化、漏窗等要素;中小规模条型庭院以前院为主,组织规模较大的宅居组团的入口交通,要素上多以构筑物、拱门、字匾和二次轮廓要素结合布置;中小规模不规则型庭院往往作为宅居空间中的亮点,多位于前院和侧院,以绿化、水面、漏窗要素居多;大规模复杂型庭院多为生活化的后院,绿化、水面、石凳等要素较多。
The study of traditional residential courtyards promotes the protection and renovation of traditional residences and enriches the spatial expression of new residential courtyards.As an organic component of the traditional residence,the courtyard space plays a role in improving,amplifying,and complementing the function of the main building space.This study investigated 63 Huizhou traditional residential courtyards,including those in Xidi,Hongcun,Nanping and Pingshan.The basic architectural information was first examined,and a field survey was undertaken to disclose the relationship between the courtyard and the main building space.The morphological characteristics of the courtyard were described through five dimensions:area,area ratio,aspect ratio,saturation,and boundary coefficient.Then,the courtyard space was classified through clustering analysis.Meanwhile,courtyards’location and elemental organisation characteristics with different morphological characteristics were considered.The study shows that the traditional Huizhou courtyards can be classified into four types based on the quantitative clustering characteristics of spatial morphology,namely,medium-scale square,medium-scale strip,medium irregular and large-scale complex.Firstly,medium-scale square courtyards are the most common type,sharing the same proportion and form with the main building space.People feel square and stable with this type of courtyard.Moreover,they are typically located in the front and back of the residence.They include stone benches and other elements arranged with greenery,water,arches,secondary contours,and other elements,enriching the landscape levels and expanding the spatial function.Secondly,mediumscale strip courtyards mostly appear in large residential groups,which organise people’s routes,depicting the spatial momentum and directions.They mainly incorporate structures and arches,sometimes combined with greenery,word plaques,stone tables,and leaky windows.Such structures weaken the sense of oppression and insecurity genera
作者
邵玮
李早
叶茂盛
SHAO Wei;LI Zao;YE Maosheng
出处
《南方建筑》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期76-84,共9页
South Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978226):徽州传统建筑群落复合环境的感性评价研究。
关键词
徽州民居
庭院
聚类分析
形态量化
要素
Huizhou traditional residence
courtyard
clustering analysis
morphological quantification
elements
