摘要
通过对美国同一个地区两所不同汉语教学模式的公立小学进行调查,考察其教育指导纲领、课时量、教学内容等方面的差异。发现美国小学汉语教学有以下几个特点:(1)不论哪种类型的汉语教学项目,其指导思想都是ACTFL语言标准和“5C”外语教学目标,而且都采用主题式教学设计;(2)两个汉语项目的课程特点有所不同,沉浸式汉语项目课时量大、注重汉字教学,有足够的时间复习巩固,因此年级间的重复少、教学内容更为广泛;普通小学汉语双语项目课时少,各年级间教学内容必须有较大重叠度,教学内容围绕某些高频词和常用句子展开;(3)汉语拼音对海外小学儿童汉语口语词语和句子学习有较大影响,即使是沉浸式项目也要注意汉语拼音使用的持续性;(4)校本文化对小学儿童汉语项目的课程设计有深刻影响。
This paper investigates two public elementary schools with distinctive Chinese teaching modes in Tulsa of the United States,and compares the differences in educational guidance,class hours and teaching content.The results show that the Chinese teaching programs in American elementary schools have the following characteristics:(1)the Chinese teaching programs are all guided by ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines,the five“C”goal,and the thematic instruction.(2)The characteristics of the two Chinese programs are different.The immersion Chinese program has a large number of class hours,emphasizes the teaching of Chinese characters,and has enough teaching time to review,and as a result there is less repetition between grades and more extensive teaching content.The class hours of the bilingual Chinese programs in ordinary primary schools are fewer than those of the immersion program;thus,there is a great overlap of the teaching content of each grade,and moreover,the teaching usually revolves around a certain amount of high-frequency words and commonly used sentences.(3)Chinese pinyin plays an important role in teaching spoken Chinese words and sentences to overseas children,and even the immersion program should pay attention to the continuity of the use of Chinese Pinyin.(4)School-based culture has a profound influence on the curriculum design of Chinese-language programs in elementary schools.
作者
吴登鹏
徐彩华
WU Dengpeng;XU Caihua(College of Chinese Language & Culture,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)
出处
《云南师范大学学报（对外汉语教学与研究版）》
2022年第1期44-51,共8页
Journal of Yunnan Normal University(Teaching & Studying Chinese as a Foreign Language Edition)
基金
北京社科基金项目“国际少儿通用汉语能力标准研究”(17ZDA10)。
关键词
双语教育
国际中文教育
美国小学汉语教学
汉语课程
bilingual education
international Chinese education
Chinese programs in American elementary schools
Chinese course
