摘要
社会影响是指某种产品或行为,通过改变人群的生活、工作、休闲、社交和组织方式,对个人或公共机构造成的不利影响。工程结构的建造、维护、翻新、修复或拆除往往会在施工期间对周围人群或环境产生影响,尤其是对交通运输或居住环境影响较大的工程项目,其不利社会影响所带来的社会成本可能远大于工程的实际成本。社会影响评估作为可持续性评估领域的三大支柱之一,被越来越多地考虑到工程结构的全寿命设计与管理中。文章首先对社会影响评估的起源和发展进行梳理,明确工程项目的社会影响类别和利益相关者。其次,介绍了两种社会影响评估方法,分别是性能评分法和影响路径法,整理文献中有关性能评分法的社会影响类别和性能参考点,建立基于影响路径法的工程项目社会成本指标体系。随后,按照利益相关者类别划分社会成本指标,重点整理包括生产事故成本、交通事故成本、交通延误成本、区域经济损失、居住环境质量损失和公共福利损失在内的社会成本量化方法。最后针对社会影响识别和成本量化方法中的局限进行讨论,明确工程结构社会影响评估的发展方向。
Social impact refers to the adverse impact of a product or behavior on individuals or public institutions by altering how"people live,work,relax,contact socially and organize as members of society".Construction,maintenance,retrofitting,rehabilitation and demolition of engineering structures generally affect the surrounding population and environment during construction,and especially for those with a greater impact on transport or living environment,the social cost of the adverse social impact may far exceed the actual cost of the project.As one of the three pillars in sustainability assessment,social impact assessment is increasingly considered into the life-cycle design and management of engineering structures.In this work,the origin and development of social impact assessment are summarized,and the social impact categories and stakeholders of construction projects are clarified.Second,two social impact assessment methods,namely the performance scoring method and the impact pathway method,are introduced.The social impact categories and performance reference points in the performance scoring method are sorted out.Furthermore,the social cost indicator system based on the social impact pathway of construction projects is established.Subsequently,the social cost indicators are divided according to the stakeholder categories,with emphasis on the social cost composition and quantification methods of production workplace accident cost,traffic accident cost,traffic;delay cost,regional economic loss,loss of living environment quality and loss of public welfare.Finally,the limitations in the social impact identification and cost quantification methods are discussed,and the developments of social impact assessment on construction projects are defined.
作者
吴柯娴
金伟良
沈坚
张大伟
夏晋
Wu Kexian;Jin Weiliang;Shen Jian;Zhang Dawei;Xia Jin(Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Zhejiang Institute of Communications Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310013,China)
出处
《土木工程学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期117-128,共12页
China Civil Engineering Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(51820105012)、国家自然科学基金重点项目(51638013)
浙江省交通厅交通工程建设科研项目(2018035)
浙江省交通运输厅科研计划(201812)和浙江省交通运输厅科研计划(2018016)
关键词
工程项目
社会影响
利益相关者
社会影响评估
社会成本
construction projects
social impact
stakeholder
social impact assessment
social cost
