摘要
我国幅员辽阔、地域广袤,地区之间存在较大的气候差异,以黑龙江、内蒙北部为代表的极寒地区中,冬季最低温甚至可达零下40设施度,这给矿山施工带来极大阻碍,一方面设备运行中,机油、液压油状态更改,机械制动、运行困难,故障率明显提升,施工人员在室外环境中,也极易遭受冻伤病害;另一方面,施工工艺难度大幅上升,混凝土原料冻结情况频繁出现,竖井温度极低,井壁结冰还可能导致人员坠落事故,斜井部位更是受冻变滑,无轨设备难以稳定运行,部分企业受此状况制约,甚至被迫停工,施工进度、质量均难以保障。然而,受矿山建设实况制约,各井区、工程之间往往是相互独立的,涵盖面积广阔,涉及的机械更是种类多样、数量繁多,供暖需求高,安全要求严格,无法借助统一、整合的思维进行供暖设计。文中聚焦这一难点问题,从针对化、差异化的思路出发,对矿山竖井、斜井等区域进行采暖优化设计,并特别关注了设备、管路等的保温养护工作,整体可行性、适用性较高,可以为极寒地区矿山建设冬季施工采暖提供借鉴。
China has a vast territory and vast territory,and there are great climate differences between regions.In the extremely cold regions represented by Heilongjiang and northern Inner Mongolia,the lowest temperature in winter can even reach minus 40 degrees,which brings great obstacles to mine construction.On the one hand,during equipment operation,the state of engine oil and hydraulic oil changes,mechanical braking and operation are difficult,and the failure rate increases significantly.Constructors are also vulnerable to frostbite in outdoor environment;On the other hand,the difficulty of construction technology has increased significantly,the freezing of concrete raw materials occurs frequently,the shaft temperature is very low,and the freezing of shaft wall may also lead to personnel falling accidents.The inclined shaft is frozen and slippery,and the trackless equipment is difficult to operate stably.Some enterprises are restricted by this situation,and even forced to stop work,so it is difficult to guarantee the construction progress and quality.However,restricted by the actual situation of mine construction,each well area and project are often independent of each other,covering a wide area,involving a wide variety and quantity of machinery,high heating demand and strict safety requirements.It is impossible to carry out heating design with the help of unified and integrated thinking.Focusing on this difficult problem,starting from the idea of targeting and differentiation,this paper optimizes the heating design of mine shafts,inclined shafts and other areas,and pays special attention to the thermal insulation and maintenance of equipment and pipelines.The overall feasibility and applicability are high,which can provide reference for mine construction heating in winter in extremely cold areas.
作者
杨熠卿
YANG Yiqing(Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co.,Ltd.,Maanshan,Anhui,243000,China)
关键词
极寒地区
矿山建设
冬季施工
采暖方式
extremely cold area
mine construction
winter construction
heating mode
