摘要
文章采用声调聚合分析法考察了疑问语气和焦点对汉语4种声调音高实现的影响规律。通过对特定声调组合的实验室语句基频的分析,结果发现,宽焦点条件下,疑问语气提高了阴平以及阳平、去声的高音点,使得疑问句的音域上限逐步升高;疑问句各声调的低音点从句首开始就明显高于陈述句,但音域下限基本保持水平,与陈述句的差异越来越大源于陈述句的音域下限不断降低。当疑问句中有焦点时,与宽焦点陈述句相比,疑问语气和焦点的双重作用表现在:(1)在焦点词上,对音域上限的作用与陈述句焦点的作用基本类似,而对音域下限存在疑问语气的音高提升作用与焦点降低作用的中和。(2)在焦点词后,焦点显著降低了疑问句的音域上限,而对音域下限没有显著影响。因此,疑问语气和焦点的作用都是全局性的,对声调的音高值和调型都有影响,但对句中不同位置、不同声调的影响方式是不同的。
The effects of interrogative mood and focus on the pitch realization of four Chinese lexical tones are investigated by the means of tone arrangement.The fundamental frequency(F0)of designed sentences with special tone combinations is analyzed and the results show that:Under broad focus condition,the high pitch components of Yinping,Yangping and falling tones are raised by interrogative mood,resulting in a gradual upward trend of the upper pitch limit of interrogative sentence.The low pitch point of each tone is higher in interrogative sentences than in declarative ones from the beginning.But the lower limit of pitch range in interrogative sentences keeps level basically,and the difference between the two sentences becomes more and more significant due to the gradual decline of the lower limit of pitch range in declarative sentences.When there is a focus in an interrogative sentence,compared with broad-focused declarative sentences,the dual effects of interrogative mood and focus are as follows:(1)on the focused words,the dual effects on the upper limit of interrogative sentences are similar as the effect of focus on that of declarative sentences.But there is neutralization between the pitch raising effect of interrogative mood and the pitch lowering effect of focus on the lower limit;(2)after the focused word,the focus lowers the high pitch limit of interrogative sentences obviously,but shows no significant effect on the low pitch limit.Therefore,the effects of interrogative mood and focus on pitch contours of sentences are comprehensive,both can affect the pitch value and contours of four lexical tones,but the effects are different on different positions and different tones in sentences.
作者
王余娟
黄贤军
吕士楠
WANG Yujuan;HUANG Xianjun;LYU Shinan(Chongqing Intellectual Property School,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 40054,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology,Capital Normal University,Beijing 10080,China;Institute of Acoustics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《声学技术》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期822-831,共10页
Technical Acoustics
基金
重庆理工大学科研启动基金资助项目(2019ZD05)。
关键词
疑问语气
焦点
声调
音高实现
interrogative mood
focus
lexical tone
pitch realization
