摘要
“疑问”是一个属于全句的功能范畴。长期以来，疑问句的研究一直是语法学界的热门课题，而“热门”中的“热点”则是疑问句式的分类和描述。本文以“原则本位”的语法体系为理论基础，重新考察了跟疑问范畴和疑问句式相关的种种语法问题。研究结果表明，所谓的“疑问句式”其实在核心的语法规则系统中并没有独立的地位。它们是”公用”的，超具体结构的“语法规则”发挥作用（实例化），并且跟针对“疑问”和“焦点”的语法化方式以及词汇因素相互作用所造成的现象，而不是“语法规则”本身。我们可以而且应该把所谓的“疑问句式”及其语法特征从核心语法系统中整个儿抹掉，从而在相关方面简化语法规则，降低羡余度。“语法”中只有针对“疑问”范畴的动态“处理方式”，而根本不存在仅仅跟“疑问”相联系的静态“句式”。本文主要讨论汉语成人语法的问题，但有的地方为了较充分地阐述我们的想法，引用和比较了日语，彝语，英语以及英汉两种语言儿童习得中相关的语言现象。
Cross-linguistically, there are three grammatical devices to process the question mark[+Wh]: the reduplication of certain elements in the predicate, Subject-AuxiliaryInversion, and the use of question particles. The Chinese order from this universalmenu is reduplication' or 'utilization of question particles' but not both. In this modeof formulation, this paper reexamines the formal properties of those so-called' SyntacticPatterns of Interrogative' in Chinese and argues that there are no such things as 'SyntacticPatterns of Interrogative' with independent status in a formal theory of grammar, whatpreviously cIaimed to be' Syntactic Patterns of Interrogative' and their properties aredecomposed, reanalysed and shown to be resulting from the interaction and/or instancia-tion of the question devices, focus devices and a number of lexical properties in Chineselanguage.
出处
《语言研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
1999年第2期22-36,共15页
Studies in Language and Linguistics
