摘要
目的探讨甘肃戈壁沙漠地区春季过敏性哮喘的流行病学特征及影响因素。方法对甘肃东风场区哮喘患者进行整群抽样(共抽样2000例),发放自制调查问卷,将320例诊断为过敏性哮喘的患者纳入观察组,另选取该抽样群体内非过敏性哮喘患者288例纳入对照组。比较2组患者的一般资料、发病时点和症状,分析过敏性哮喘的流行病学特征及影响因素。结果共发放问卷2000份,回收有效问卷1867份,其中320例(16.00%)为过敏性哮喘患者。2组患者民族、职业、年龄分布情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2组患者性别、文化程度分布情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析结果显示,急性呼吸道感染史、免疫因素、食物过敏、其他过敏、环境因素、油漆接触史、被动吸烟史、汽车尾气接触史、油烟接触史、遗传因素、哮喘史是春季过敏性哮喘发作的影响因素(P<0.05)。2组患者发病较频繁的时点是午夜、清晨、临睡前和午后,且2组患者的鼻部、咽部、眼部均有异常症状,主要表现为流鼻涕、鼻塞、打喷嚏、鼻痒、咽痒和眼痒。结论甘肃东风场区(戈壁沙漠地区)春季过敏性哮喘发病的致病因素较多,患者及其家属应知悉致病因素,避免接触致敏原,以减少季节性哮喘的发作。
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of allergic asthma in spring and the risk factors in Gobi Desert of Gansu Province. Methods A total of 2 000 patients with asthma were sampled by cluster sampling in Dongfeng Farm District of Gansu Province. Self-made questionnaires were distributed to them. A total of 320 patients diagnosed as allergic asthma were selected in observation group, and 288 patients with non-allergic asthma in the sampling group were selected as control group. The general information, onset time and symptoms of patients in the two groups were compared. Their epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors were analyzed. Results The number of questionnaires distributed in this study was 2 000 copies, 1 867 valid questionnaires were collected, among which 320 cases(16.00%) were allergic asthma patients. There were no significant differences in nationality, occupation and age distribution between two groups(P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of gender and education level between the two groups(P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that acute respiratory tract infection history, immune factors, food allergy, other allergic factors, environmental factors, paint exposure history, passive smoking history, automobile exhaust exposure history, oil smoke exposure history, genetic factors and asthma history were the influencing factors of spring allergic asthma attack(P<0.05). The more frequent onset time of patients in the two groups were at midnight, in early morning,before sleeping and in the afternoon,and patients in the two groups had abnormal symptoms in nose,pharynx and eyes,mainly manifested as runny nose,nasal congestion,sneezing,nasal itching,pharynx itching and eye itching. Conclusion There are many pathogenic factors of allergic asthma in spring in Dongfengchang area of Gansu Province(Gobi Desert area),so patients and their family numbers should be aware of the pathogenic factors and avoid contact with allergens so as to red
作者
赵刚
彭芬加
李宏国
吴娴
杜永涛
ZHAO Gang;PENG Fenjia;LI Hongguo;WU Xian;DU Yongtao(the Second Department of Internal Medicine,the 63600th Military Hospital of People′s Liberation Army,Lanzhou,Gansu,732750)
出处
《实用临床医药杂志》
CAS
2021年第23期18-21,共4页
Journal of Clinical Medicine in Practice
基金
甘肃省医药卫生科技计划项目(2019030226)。
