摘要
生态危机现状下,自然景观和人文景观都面临一系列危机,而景观美学作为人文的力量,对景观的建设有不可忽视的重要作用。生态危机背景下的景观美学应是生态整体性的美学。自然景观的美学是功能与艺术的整体美,这要求尊重自然规律和生态整体性,融入生态科学知识和土地伦理的内容。而生态功能的突出也对传统“审美无利害性”“审美静观”构成反思,突破如画美的视觉审美。人文景观的美学应是自然风貌和文化内涵的整体协调,应符合新和旧、局部和整体、现在和未来的整体和谐。景观美学是身心整体地参与其中,即具有感知的全息性。生态整体性的审美感知是经验审美,包括环境感知审美和日常经验审美。自然和人文景观中贯穿了经验审美,即对景观的生态功能保护和文化的熏陶。这也决定了景观美学应由人类中心论转变到生态整体论,更好地实现人与自然、人与社会、历史与未来以及科技与人文等的和谐。
Under the present situation of ecological crises,natural landscape and cultural landscape are both facing a series of crises,and landscape aesthetics,as humanistic power,plays an important role in the construction of landscape.Landscape aesthetics under the background of ecological crises should be aesthetics with ecological integrity.The aesthetics of natural landscape stresses the overall beauty of function and art,entailing the respect for the natural law and ecological integrity,and the integration of ecological knowledge and land ethics.The prominent ecological function gives rise to reflections on the traditional“aesthetic disinterestedness”and“aesthetic contemplation”,and also breaks through the visual aesthetic of picturesque beauty.The aesthetics of cultural landscape should be the overall coordination of natural features and cultural connotations,conforming to the overall harmony between the old and the new,the partial and the whole,as well as the present and the future,which involves physical and mental participation,that is,the holographic perception.Aesthetic perception of ecological integrity is empirical aesthetic,entailing environmental perception and daily experiences.Empirical aesthetic exists in both natural and cultural landscape,that is,the ecological function protection of the landscape and the edification of cultural connotation,which also determines that the theory behind landscape aesthetics in the ecological civilization era should be changed from anthropocentrism to ecological holism so as to better realize the harmony between man and nature,man and society,history and future,technology and humanity.
作者
高琪
Gao Qi(College of Humanity and Social Sciences,Beijing Forestry University)
出处
《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
2021年第6期91-98,共8页
Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
景观
美学
生态整体性
生态本真
参与感
landscape
aesthetics
ecological integrity
ecological truth
sense of participation
