摘要
目的:探讨不同专项的青年男子速度滑冰运动员有氧、无氧能力特征,为其身体机能评价及完善训练安排、增强国际赛事的竞争力提供参考。方法:14位国家青年队男子速度滑冰运动员(健将以上,按专项不同分为短距离组与中长距离组)完成最大摄氧量(VO_(2max))、Wingate 30 s无氧功测试,并在无氧功测试后第1 min、3 min、5 min、7 min、9 min、15 min进行血乳酸测试。分析VO_(2max)以及无氧功最大功率、平均功率、每千克体质量递减功率、每秒递减功率、不同时刻血乳酸值、血乳酸峰值、血乳酸清除速率等。结果:1)中长距离组速度滑冰运动员VO_(2max)、VO_(2max)/去脂体质量与短距离组速度滑冰运动员各指标基本相似,组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)短距离组速度滑冰运动员无氧功最大功率相对值、每千克体质量递减功率、每秒递减功率以及无氧功恢复期第3 min、5 min、7 min、9 min、15 min血乳酸值、血乳酸峰值也均高于中长距离组速度滑冰运动员,差异显著(P<0.05)或非常显著(P<0.01)。结论:1)不同专项的青年男子速度滑冰运动员有氧能力基本无差别。2)在启动磷酸原系统与糖酵解系统方面,不同速度滑冰专项青年男子运动员差别显著;短距离组比中长距离组速度滑冰运动员启动磷酸原与糖酵解系统速度快、能力强、易疲劳。3)不同专项的青年男子速度滑冰运动员血乳酸清除能力无差异,并且均显著高于常人,与中跑运动员的血乳酸清除能力相当。4)我国青年男子速度滑冰运动员与世界一流速度滑冰运动员的有氧能力、无氧能力相比存在较大差距,亟待进一步增强。
Objective:This paper probed into the characteristics of aerobic and anaerobic metab-olism of elite male speed skaters in different events,which evaluated body function and training effect to provide reference for enhancing the competence at international competitions.Meth-ods:Fourteen youth male speed skaters were divided into the sprint group and all-around group to complete the maximum oxygen uptake(VO_(2max)),wingate30 s test and blood lactate test at the 1 min,3 min,5 min,7 min,9 min,15 min after anaerobic test.VO_(2max),peak power,average power,the power reduction per body mass,the power reduction per second,the value of blood lactate at different time,peak value of blood lactate and blood lactate clearance rate were ana-lyzed.Results:1)The indexes such as VO_(2max),VO_(2max)/LBM,in all-around group were basically similar to the sprint group.The differences between the two groups weren’t significant(P>0.05).2)The relative value of peak power,the power reduction per body mass,the power reduction per second and the value of blood lactate at the 3 min,5 min,7 min,9 min,15 min after an-aerobic test in the sprint group were higher than those in all-around group.The differences be-tween groups were significant(P<0.05)or very significant(P<0.01).Conclusions:1)There was no difference in aerobic capacities of elite youth male speed skaters in different events.2)There were significant differences in the aspect of anaerobic capacities of quick firing of phosphagen and glycolysis system in different events.The sprint group had stronger ability to firing phosphagen and glycolysis system than all-around group quickly and fatigued easily.3)There was no difference in the blood lactate clearance ability of youth male speed skaters in dif-ferent events,which was similar to that of middle-distance runners and was significantly higher than that of normal people.4)There was still a big gap between Chinese elite youth male speed skaters and the world-class speed skaters at the aspect of aerobic capacities and anaerobic capaciti
作者
李淑媛
杨明
史继祖
王一峰
时莹清
付丽娟
LI Shuyuan;YANG Ming;SHI Jizhu;WANG Yifeng;SHI Yingqing;FU Lijuan(Jilin Normal University,Siping 136000,China;Jilin Sports University,Changchun 130022,China)
出处
《中国体育科技》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第12期18-22,34,共6页
China Sport Science and Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2018YFF0300405)。
