摘要
水氮是影响作物生长的两个重要因素,在设施农业中,广大农户为了追求高产而进行盲目地灌水和施肥,导致产量减少、品质下降、土壤盐碱化、地力破坏等问题。本文针对杭嘉湖地区温室甜瓜灌水和施肥不合理的问题,采用膜下滴灌施肥技术,研究不同水氮输入量对温室甜瓜干物质累积量与养分吸收分配、产量及品质的影响,为温室甜瓜优质高产及水肥高效利用提供理论依据。根据温室内小型气象站数据,采用彭曼-蒙特斯(Penman-Monteith)修正公式计算作物需水量(ET_(c)),设置ET_(c)的60%(W_(1))、ET_(c)的80%(W_(2))、ET_(c)的100%(W_(3))3个水分水平和70(N_(1))、105(N_(2))、140 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(3))3个氮素水平,另设传统沟灌施肥CK(ET_(c),140 kg·hm^(-2))为对照,共10个处理,应用完全随机区组试验设计。与传统沟灌施肥(CK)相比,滴灌施肥下W_(3)N_(3)处理的甜瓜叶片净光合速率和叶绿素含量分别增加了52.3%和39.0%。成熟期干物质增加了40.96 g,增幅为39%。整株氮、磷、钾累积量分别增加了75.40%、88.20%、67.08%;产量增加了6.78 t·hm^(-2),增幅为35.27%。滴灌条件下,提高灌水和施氮均能够显著提高光合作用效率,增加干物质累积量和养分吸收量,进而提高产量。采用主成分分析法对甜瓜品质指标进行综合评价,其中综合主成分能够反映出全部品质指标的91.27%,综合评价最高的处理为中水中氮(W_(2)N_(2))。温室甜瓜滴灌水肥一体化技术能够达到提质增产和水肥高效利用的目的,滴灌施肥条件下,施氮量为N_(3)(140 kg·hm^(-2)),灌水量为W_(3)(1.0 ET_(c))时,甜瓜干物质累积量、养分吸收量和产量均为最高。当同时追求产量和肥料利用效率时,高水中氮(W_(3)N_(2))处理能获得较高的产量和氮肥偏生产力;当追求甜瓜品质和水分利用率时,中水中氮(W_(2)N_(2))处理能获得最大的V_(C)、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物和较高的水分利用率。
Water and nitrogen are two important factors affecting crop growth.In facility agriculture,farmers blindly irrigate and fertilize for obtaining high yield,which leads to lots of problems such as reduced yield,decreased quality,soil salinization,and soil fertility destruction.Aiming at the problem of unreasonable irrigation and fertilization of muskmelon in greenhouse in Hangjiahu area of southeast China,effects of different water and nitrogen inputs on dry matter accumulation,nutrient absorption and distribution,yield and quality of melon in greenhouse were studied by drip fertilization under membrane.It can provide a theoretical basis for high quality and high yield of melon and efficient utilization of water and fertilizer in greenhouse.According to data from a mini-meteorological station inside the greenhouse,crop water requirement(ET_(c))was calculated by modified Penman-Monteith formula.There were 60%of ET_(c)(W_(1)),80%of ET_(c)(W_(2)),100%of ET_(c)(W_(3))three water levels and 70(N_(1)),105(N_(2)),140 kg·hm^(-2)(N_(3))three nitrogen levels,setting up conventional furrow irrigation fertilization CK(ET_(c),140 kg·hm^(-2))for comparison,a total of 10 treatments,application completely randomized block design of experiment.Compared with traditional furrow fertilization(CK),the net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content of melon leaves of treatment W_(3)N_(3) under drip fertilization was increased by 52.3%and 39.0%,respectively.The dry matter increased by 40.96 g(39%)in the mature period.The accumulations of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium of a whole plant increased by 75.40%,88.20%and 67.08%,respectively.Yield of melon was increased by 6.78 t·hm^(-2),or 35.27%.Under drip irrigation,increasing irrigation and nitrogen application can significantly improve photosynthetic efficiency,increase dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption,and thus increase yield.The principle component analysis method was used to evaluate the muskmelon quality,and the results showed that comprehensive principle component
作者
岳文俊
何文学
丁春梅
柏宇
周英杰
奚辉
YUE Wenjun;HE Wenxue;DING Chunmei;BAI Yu;ZHOU Yingjie;XI Hui(College of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou 310018, China;Institute of Environment, Resources, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021, China)
出处
《浙江农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第12期2370-2380,共11页
Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis
基金
浙江省基础公益研究计划(LGN19E090001)
浙江水利水电学院大学生创新创业训练计划(2019)。
关键词
甜瓜
温室
干物质累积
产量
品质
muskmelon
greenhouse
dry matter accumulation
yield
quality
