摘要
目的总结哮喘患儿的临床特点,发现诊治过程中新的问题,不断提高临床诊治水平。方法回顾性分析2017年4月至2021年4月于我院儿童哮喘门诊确诊为哮喘的101例患儿,对其性别、年龄、初次喘息年龄、平均每年喘息次数、既往治疗情况、个人及家族过敏史、过敏原、临床表现、肺功能结果进行描述性分析。结果101例患儿中,男76例(75.2%),女25例(24.8%);初次喘息年龄≤3岁患儿43例(42.6%);初次就诊6~14岁60例(59.4%);哮喘患儿每年喘息发作次数1~3次40例(39.6%)。101例患儿中,有过敏性疾病家族史83例(82.2%),合并过敏性鼻炎81例(80.2%),有慢性咳嗽史70例(69.3%)。72例过敏原检测提示,主要以吸入性过敏原为主,其中粉尘螨过敏居首27例(37.5%);肺功能检测结果第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1):(80.9±16.9)%,1秒率(FEV1/FVC):(96.6±10.9)%,用力呼出75%肺活量的呼气流量(FEF75):(56.3±22.6)%,用力呼出50%肺活量的呼气流量(FEF50):(61.2±18.8)%,最大呼气中段流量(MMEF):(61.1±19.5)%。对异常肺功能结果分析能够提示小气道功能异常的主要指标:MMEF、FEF50、FEF75。结论要重视婴幼儿哮喘,确诊后要尽早治疗,以减少学龄期哮喘发作;反映小气道功能的指标如MMEF、FEF50、FEF75在儿童哮喘的早期诊断中有非常重要的作用,也可作为辅助诊断儿童非典型哮喘的敏感指标。
Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics of children with asthma,identify new problems in diagnosis and treatment,and continuously improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis of 101 children with asthma diagnosed at our pediatric asthma clinic from April 2017 to April 2021 was performed,and their gender,age,age of first wheezing,the average number of wheezing per year,previous treatment,personal and family allergy history,allergens,clinical manifestations,and pulmonary function results were descriptively analyzed.Results Among the 101 children,there were 76 males(75.2%)and 25 females(24.8%);43 children(42.6%)with initial wheezing age≤3 years old;60 cases(59.4%)aged between 6-14 years at the first visit;40 cases(39.6%)of asthmatic children gasped 1-3 times a year.Of the 101 children,83(82.2%)had a family history of allergic diseases and 81(80.2%)had combined allergic rhinitis,chronic cough history in 70 cases(69.3%).The 72 cases allergen detection showed that inhalant allergens were predominant,with dust mite allergy leading the list in 27 cases(37.5%);pulmonary function test results of the first second forceful expiratory volume(FEV1):(80.9±16.9)%,1-second rate(FEV1/FVC):(96.6±10.9)%,forced expiratory flow rate of 75%vital capacity(FEF75):(56.3±22.6)%,forced expiratory flow rate of 50%vital capacity(FEF50):(61.2±18.8)%,and maximum mid-expiratory flow(MMEF):(61.1±19.5)%.The analysis of abnormal pulmonary function results showed that the percentage of indicators suggestive of abnormal small airway function:MMEF,FEF50 and FEF75.Conclusion It is important to pay attention to asthma infants and children,and to treat it as early as possible after diagnosis to reduce asthma attacks in school-age;indicators reflecting small airway function,such as MMEF,FEF50 and FEF75,have a critical role in the early diagnosis of childhood asthma and can also be used as a sensitive indicator to assist in diagnosing atypical asthma in children.
作者
左慧敏
徐小静
武娇娇
ZUO Huimin;XU Xiaojing;WU Jiaojiao(Department of Pediatrics,the First Hospital of Tsinghua University,Beijing 100016,China)
出处
《中国研究型医院》
2021年第6期62-66,共5页
Chinese Research Hospitals
关键词
儿童
哮喘
支气管
胸闷变异性哮喘
小气道功能
Child
Asthma
Bronchial diseases
Chest tightness variant asthma
Small airway function
