摘要
本文探讨从唐宋到明清时期的被动式功能变异现象,这涉及到包括"被"在内的多个被动标记的特殊用法,它们的句法行为既有别于此前古代汉语的被动标记,也与现代汉语的被动标记的功能明显不同,而且汉语方言和其他语言的被动标记也不存在这些特征。我们的分析是基于对大规模的近代汉语口语资料的调查之上,不仅调查描写这类现象在这个时期的使用状况,并进而探讨产生这种现象产生的历史动因,认为这是汉语语法在近代汉语发展大趋势的一种具体反应。由于动补结构的建立,特别是处置式的广泛使用,致使大量受事名词出现在谓语之前,从而诱发了被动标记向施事主格标记方向偏移,结果导致了被动式在近代汉语里的突出功能变异现象。
This article aims to explore the functional variations of passive morphemes during the period from Tang to Qing Dynasties, including the BEI and other related markers. These functional variations distinguished them from those passive morphemes in Archaic, Middle and Contemporary Chinese, which have not been found in other languages. The present analyses are based on a large-scale investigation of spoken-style texts in the time, providing a thorough description and the motivation for the emergence of the functional variations.Specifically speaking, the firm establishment of resultative construction and the wide application of the disposal construction were mainly responsible for the functional variations of the passive morphemes.
作者
冷玉芳
石毓智
LENG Yu-fang;SHI Yu-zhi(College of Foreign Languages,Hunan Normal University,Changsha Hunan 410081,China;Department of Chinese Studies,National University of Singapore,Singapore 119280)
出处
《语言研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期26-34,共9页
Studies in Language and Linguistics
关键词
被动标记
处置式
动补结构
功能变异
语言类型学
Passive morpheme
Disposal construction
Resultative construction
Functional variation
Linguistic typology
