摘要
以万寿菊"色素1号"为试材,通过大田试验研究3种种植密度对万寿菊主要病害及农艺性状的影响,并测定了10种生物农药、1株生防菌株和5种低毒化学农药对万寿菊主要病害的田间防治效果,以期为万寿菊产、质量的提高及万寿菊主要病害防治提供参考依据。结果表明:种植密度与病害严重度、产量和花朵数呈正相关,与株高、茎粗、单花平均鲜质量、干质量呈负相关,最佳种植密度为4.89株·hm^(-2);10种生物农药中补骨脂种子提取物微乳剂和蜡质芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂对黑斑病防治效果较好,防效分别为65.08%和64.39%,其次是枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂,防效为61.47%;沃丰康-克线散粉剂和微生物菌剂对灰霉病防效较好,防效分别为65.55%和64.46%,其次是土传3号悬浮剂,防效为60.62%;生防菌株GYSM-6m1对黑斑病和灰霉病的防效分别为63.34%和53.93%;5种低毒化学药剂中325g·L^(-1)苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂和125g·L^(-1)氟环唑悬浮剂对黑斑病防治效果较好,防效分别为70.56%和70.33%;125g·L^(-1)氟环唑悬浮剂对灰霉病防效最好,防效为67.85%,其次是325g·L^(-1)苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂和450g·L^(-1)咪鲜胺水乳剂,防效分别为63.59%和63.37%。
‘Pigment No.1’of marigold was used as experimental material,field experiments were conducted to study the effects of three planting densities on the main diseases and agronomic traits of marigold,and the field control effects of ten biopesticides,one biocontrol strain and five low-toxicity chemical pesticides on the main diseases of marigold were determined,in order to provide reference basis for improving the yield and quality and controlling the main diseases of marigold.The results showed that planting densities were positively correlated with disease severity,yield and number of flowers,and negatively correlated with plant height,stem diameter,average fresh weight of single flower and average dry weight of single flower,and the optimal planting density was 30 cm×75 cm(4.89 plants·hm^(-2)).Among the ten biopesticides,psoralea seed extract microemulsion and Bacillus cereus wettable powder had better control effects on marigold black spot,with control effect of 65.08% and 64.39%,respectively,followed by Bacillus subtilis wettable powder,with control effect of 61.47%.Wofengkang-kexiansan powder and microbial agents had better control effects on marigold grey mould,with control effect of 65.55% and 64.46%,respectively,followed by tucuan 3 suspension agent,with control effect of 60.62%.The control effect of biocontrol strain GYSW-6 m1 against black spot and gray mould of marigold was 63.34% and 53.93%,respectively.Among the five low-toxicity chemicals,325 g·L^(-1) benzyl azoxystrobin suspension and 125 g·L^(-1) epoxiconazole suspension had better control effects on marigold black spot,with control effect of 70.56% and 70.33%,respectively.125 g·L^(-1) epoxiconazole suspension had the best control effect on marigold grey mould with 67.85%,followed by 325 g·L^(-1) benzyl azoxystrobin suspension and 450 g·L^(-1) prochloraz aqueous emulsion with control effect of 63.59% and 63.37%,respectively.
作者
赵玳琳
何海永
谭清群
杨学辉
ZHAO Dailin;HE Haiyong;TAN Qingqun;YANG Xuehui(Institute of Plant Protection,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006)
出处
《北方园艺》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第21期78-85,共8页
Northern Horticulture
基金
贵州省科技计划资助项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2313号,黔科合支撑[2020]4Y115号,黔科合支撑[2020]4Y114号)
贵州省科研机构服务企业行动计划资助项目(黔科合服企[2018]4004)。
关键词
种植密度
万寿菊
黑斑病
灰霉病
生物防治
planting density
marigold
black spot
gray mould
biological control
