摘要
我国现行的“八二宪法”是由五届全国人大第五次会议通过的,作为一部“新宪法”,它所取代的是由同一届全国人大第一次会议所通过的“七八宪法”。五届全国人大的任期构成了我们理解“八二宪法”的历史背景,因此,对于我们理解这部宪法以及其中若干条款和问题,五届人大的历史都有重要的指导意义。近年来出版的一些党史和人大制度的文献资料,尤其是彭真年谱,使得研究者可以连贯梳理五届人大的历史,并形成某种整体的叙述。本文以五届人大的五次会议作为历史叙述的关键时间节点,把“八二宪法”诞生这一事件安放在这一历史阶段全国人大立法的整体秩序中加以思考。打通原本为法律概念和部门法所分割的思维,所看到的不只是“八二宪法”,还有五届人大在“人心思法”的历史条件下所进行的一系列重要立法工作,尤其是在二次会议和五次会议上所通过的一系列国家机构立法,在理论上辨析出存在于宪法和若干国家机构立法之间复杂、有机的相互配合关系。正是通过这一系列以“八二宪法”诞生为中心的五届人大立法创制,我国的“法制建设的基础”得以奠定,历史由此翻开新的一页,在八二宪法时间内诸多习以为常的国家机构职权和运转规则,都来自这一立法开端时期的创制。
The“1982 Constitution”,as effective nowadays,was adopted by the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress(NPC).As a new constitution,it replaced the“1978 Constitution”adopted by the First Session of the Fifth NPC.The term of office of the Fifth NPC,in this sense,constitutes the historical background for our understanding of the“1982 Constitution”and some of its specific rules.With the publication of vital documents on the history of CCP and NPC,in particular the Chronology of Peng Zhen,legal scholars working on these materials can take the history of the Fifth NPC as a whole and form an integral narrative.This article situates the moment of the birth of the“1982 Constitution”in the long process of the Fifth NPC,with its five sessions as key moments of the narration.In this historical and institutional perspective,the birth of China's existing Constitution is not a discrete incident,but the climax of a series of landmark legislations adopted by the Fifth NPC,which include laws of state organs from top down in a unitary system,if the five-year term as a whole is considered.It is through this series of legislative creations of the Fifth National People's Congress centered on the birth of the“1982 Constitution”that China's“foundation of legal system”has been laid,thus turning a new page in history.During the 1982 Constitution period,many commonly used powers and rules of state institutions came from the creation at the beginning of this legislation.
出处
《地方立法研究》
CSSCI
2021年第6期32-53,共22页
Local Legislation Journal
关键词
“八二宪法”
修宪
国家机构立法
人大
彭真
1982 Constitution
revision of constitution
legislation regarding state organ
People's Congress
Peng Zhen
