摘要
【目的】探明毕节烟区烤烟生产上主要土传病害的地理分布特征,为其精准防控提供科学依据。【方法】选择2020年毕节烟区各县(区)土传病害数据,研究毕节市烟草青枯病、黑胫病和根黑腐病等土传病害的危害与分布特征。【结果】毕节烟区烟草青枯病的发病面积为205.33 hm^(2),病情指数和发病率分别为0.31和0.50%,其中金沙县和黔西县发生较普遍,危害严重,发病面积分别为117.13 hm^(2)和73.20 hm^(2),病情指数和发病率分别为4.25、1.03和5.75%、2.11%;烟草黑胫病的发病面积为744.53 hm^(2),病情指数和发病率分别为1.04和1.82%,其中金沙、织金和黔西发生较普遍,危害严重,发病面积分别为218.33 hm^(2)、166.80 hm^(2)和174.40 hm^(2),病情指数和发病率分别为8.17、3.31、3.14和10.72%、7.48%、5.02%;根黑腐病的发病面积为336.20 hm^(2),病情指数和发病率分别为0.57和0.82%,其中织金和威宁发生较普遍,危害严重,发病面积分别为161.20 hm^(2)和122.60 hm^(2),病情指数和发病率分别为5.84、0.50和7.23%、0.68%。【结论】毕节烟区的烟草青枯病的重发区为金沙和黔西,黑胫病的重发区为金沙、织金和黔西,根黑腐病的重发区为织金和威宁,均是其重点防控区域;烟区降雨量、气温和土壤类型是影响土传病害发生的重要因子。
【Objective】The geographical distribution characteristics of the major soil-borne diseases in the production of flue-cured tobacco in Bijie tobacco-growing area are analyzed to provide the scientific basis for the precise prevention and control of soil-borne tobacco diseases.【Method】The damage and distribution characteristics of soil-borne diseases such as tobacco bacterial wilt,black shank disease and black root rot in Bijie City are studied by selecting the soil-borne disease data of counties(districts)in Bijie tobacco-growing area in 2020.【Result】The incidence area of tobacco bacterial wilt is 205.33 hm^(2)in Bijie tobacco-growing area,and the disease index and morbidity rate are 0.31 and 0.50%,respectively.It occurs relatively serious in Jinsha County and Qianxi County,and the incidence area are 117.13 hm^(2)and 73.20 hm^(2),the disease index and morbidity rate are 4.25,1.03 and 5.75%and 2.11%respectively.The incidence area of tobacco black shank is 744.53 hm^(2),and the disease index and morbidity rate are 1.04 and 1.82%,respectively.Jinsha,Zhijin and Qianxi occur relatively serious,and the incidence area are 218.33 hm^(2),166.80 hm^(2)and 174.40 hm^(2),the disease index and morbidity rate are 8.17,3.31,3.14 and 10.72%,7.48%and 5.02%separately.The incidence area of tobacco black root rot is 336.20 hm^(2),and the disease index and morbidity rate are 0.57 and 0.82%,respectively.Zhijin and Weining occur relatively serious,and the incidence area are 161.20 hm^(2)and 122.60 hm^(2),the disease index and morbidity rate are 5.84,0.50 and 7.23%and 0.68%respectively.【Conclusion】The serious areas of tobacco bacterial wilt,black shank disease and black root rot in Bijie tobacco-growing area are Jinsha and Qianxi,Jinsha,Zhijin and Qianxi,and Zhijin and Weining respectively.All of these counties are the key prevention and control areas.The rainfall,air temperature and soil type in tobacco-growing areas are the important factors affecting the occurrence of soil-borne diseases.
作者
李彩斌
刘琼
彭宇
何轶
李章海
黄衍章
LI Caibin;LIU Qiong;PENG Yu;HE Yi;LI Zhanghai;HUANG Yanzhang(Bijie Branch,Guizhou Tobacco Company,Bijie,Guizhou 551713;School of Plant Protection,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei,Anhui 230036;Research Centre of Tobacco and Health,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,Anhui 230052,China)
出处
《贵州农业科学》
CAS
2021年第10期71-77,共7页
Guizhou Agricultural Sciences
基金
贵州省烟草公司科技项目“复合生物炭基功能肥料的研制与应用”(2020XM09)
贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司科技项目“烟草根结线虫病炭基缓释型杀线剂的研制与应用”(2020520500240016),“烟草专用生物炭基肥产品研发与应用”(2018520500240058)。
关键词
烟草
土传病害
地理分布
毕节
贵州
tobacco
soil-borne disease
geographic distribution
Bijie
Guizhou
