摘要
尘肺病是我国最常见的一种职业病,其发生与长期的无机矿物质粉尘的吸入密切相关。粉尘随空气进入肺部,在肺内堆积,引起肺组织损伤,使肺组织发生以弥漫性纤维化为主的改变。尘肺病虽然无法治愈,但可以预防,因此早期尘肺病的诊断是尘肺病研究的重点。尘肺病的诊断以影像学检查结果为主要依据。我国现在所使用的尘肺病诊断标准GBZ 70—2015《职业性尘肺病的诊断》是2015年12月发布的,经历过5次修订,其中规定的尘肺病影像学检查方法也从最初的胸部普通X线更新为如今的高千伏摄影(high kvphotography,HKV)和数字化X线摄影(digital radiography,DR)。近年来,随着医学影像学的发展,临床研究发现其他胸部成像技术如双能量减影(dual-energy subtraction,DES)、计算机X线断层摄影(computed tomography,CT)等都可用于尘肺病的诊断。对此,我们参考国内外文献,介绍各种尘肺病影像学检查方法,分析并比较每种方法在尘肺病诊断中的优劣势,探讨尘肺病影像学检查方法的选择,为临床尘肺病诊疗提供帮助。
Pneumoconiosis is one of the most common occupational diseases in China and its occurrence is closely related to long-term inhalation of inorganic mineral dust.The dust enters the lungs with the air and builds up in the lungs,causing damage to the lung tissue,resulting in changes that are mainly diffuse fibrosis.Although pneumoconiosis cannot be cured,it can be prevented,therefore the diagnosis of early pneumoconiosis is the focus of pneumoconiosis research.The diagnosis of pneumoconiosis is mainly based on imaging findings.The pneumoconiosis diagnostic standard GBZ 70-2015 Diagnosis of occupational pneumoconiosis,currently in use in China,was published in December 2015 and has undergone five revisions,in which the imaging methods prescribed for pneumoconiosis have been updated from the initial plain chest X-ray to today’s high kilovoltage photography(HKV)and digital photography(DR).In recent years,with the development of medical imaging,clinical studies have found that other chest imaging techniques such as dual-energy subtraction(DES)and computed tomography(CT)can be used for the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis.In this regard,we refer to domestic and international literature to introduce various imaging methods for pneumoconiosis,analyze and compare the advantages and disadvantages of each method in the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis,and discuss the choice of imaging methods for pneumoconiosis,to provide assistance in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of pneumoconiosis.
作者
卞明敏
胡茂能
BIAN Ming-min;HU Mao-neng(Hefei Third Clinical College,Anhui Medical University,Hefei Anhui,230022,China)
出处
《职业与健康》
CAS
2021年第19期2714-2717,2722,共5页
Occupation and Health
基金
合肥市自主创新政策“借转补”资金项目(J2019Y06)。
关键词
尘肺病
影像学
诊断
Pneumoconiosis
Imaging
Diagnosis
