摘要
在过去的10年里,便携式电子设备和电动汽车的迅速发展引起了人们对电化学储能系统商业化的兴趣.因钠元素在地球上的丰富储备,钠离子电池是目前锂离子电池最有前途的替代品,作为一种新兴的低成本储能技术,在大规模电化学储能中具有较好的应用前景.由于碳材料的原料丰富、成本低廉、具有低的电化学电位,通常是电池负极材料的首选.其中,石墨具备良好的化学稳定性和相对较高的比容量被广泛用于商业锂离子电池.但是由于热力学的限制,钠与石墨的层间化合物不存在,将石墨作为钠离子电池的负极几乎不显示储钠活性,这导致容量的极大损失.硬碳具有可膨胀的石墨烯夹层、合适的工作电压和相对较低的成本,被认为是最有可能实现商业化应用的钠离子电池负极材料.合成聚合物作为硬碳前驱体的重要来源,可以通过调控化学组成结构和工艺条件,实现不同的结构和形貌,以满足不同的性能需求.本文综述了近年来以合成聚合物为前驱体制备硬碳负极材料的研究进展,重点介绍了合成聚合物的种类和制备方法对硬碳材料的微观结构形态的影响,以及形貌结构和电化学性能之间的关系.此外,还探讨了提升硬碳材料电化学性能的关键因素,并提出了未来主要发展的方向,促进钠离子电池实现商业化.
In the past decade,the rapid development of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles has aroused interest in the commercialization of electrochemical energy storage systems.Because of the abundant reserves of sodium on earth,sodium-ion batteries are the most promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries.As an emerging low-cost energy storage technology,sodium-ion batteries have good application prospects in large-scale electrochemical energy storage systems.Carbon materials are the best choice for battery anode materials because of their abundant raw materials,low cost,and low electrochemical potential.Among them,graphite is widely used in commercial lithium-ion batteries because of its excellent chemical stability and high specific capacity.However,because of the limitations of thermodynamics,the interlayer compound between sodium and graphite does not exist,and graphite as the anode of sodium-ion battery shows nearly no sodium storage activity,which leads to considerable loss of capacity.Hard carbon is a battery anode material that is considered to be the most likely to achieve commercial application to sodium-ion batteries anode because of its expandable graphene interlayer,suitable working voltage,and relatively low cost.As an important source of hard carbon precursors,synthetic polymers can have different structures and morphologies when the chemical composition structures and process conditions are adjusted to meet various perform-ance requirements.In this study,the recent progress of synthetic polymer-derived hard carbon for anodes is reviewed,and specific attention is focused on the influence of the types and preparation methods of synthetic poly-mers on the microstructure and morphology of hard carbon materials,as well as the relationship between morphology and electrochemical properties.Moreover,the key factors,which will help improve the electrochemical perform-ance of hard carbon materials,are discussed,and the main development directions for the future,which will help promote the commercial
作者
李瑀
付浩宇
封伟
Li Yu;Fu Haoyu;Feng Wei(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)
出处
《天津大学学报（自然科学与工程技术版）》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期11-23,共13页
Journal of Tianjin University：Science and Technology
基金
国家电网总部科技项目(5455DW190009).
关键词
合成聚合物
硬碳
钠离子电池
储钠机理
研究进展
synthetic polymer
hard carbon
sodium-ion batteries
sodium storage mechanism
research progress
