摘要
凭借独特的结构特性,硬碳被认为是最有希望推动钠离子电池产业化的负极材料。硬碳的储钠性能除了与其层间距和化学组成有关,与纳米孔道也密切关联,具有超微孔、大孔容、低比表面积及闭孔的硬碳,可以减少固体电解质界面膜对储钠的影响,利于钠离子的嵌入/脱出,设计并调控硬碳孔结构已成为提升钠离子电池性能的关键点之一。通过选择合适的前驱体材料,调整热解工艺参数(升温速率、热解温度),改进预处理(物理活化、化学活化)方法,掺杂杂原子,包覆涂层等手段可以有效实现孔结构的调控。利用先进的表征手段结合理论计算实现硬碳材料孔结构的合理设计,制备低成本、高容量、高循环稳定性的负极材料,将是未来钠离子电池的发展方向。
With its unique structural characteristics,hard carbon is considered to be the most promising negative electrode material to promote the industrialization of sodium-ion batteries.In addition to its layer spacing and chemical composition,the sodium storage performance of hard carbon is also closely related to nano pores.Hard carbon with ultra-micro pores,large pore volume,low specific surface area and closed pores can reduce the influence of solid electrolyte interface film on sodium storage and facilitate the embedding/removal of sodium ions.Design and regulation of hard carbon pore structure has become one of the key points to improve the performance of sodium-ion batteries.The pore structure can be effectively controlled by selecting suitable precursor materials,adjusting pyrolysis process parameters(heating rate,pyrolysis temperature),improving pretreatment methods(physical activation,chemical activation),doping heteroatoms,coating and other means.It will be the development direction of sodium-ion batteries in the future to use advanced characterization methods combined with theoretical calculation to realize reasonable design of pore structure of hard carbon materials and prepare low cost,high capacity and high cycle stability negative electrode materials.
作者
李雪
张亚婷
朱由余
胡艳萍
孔政翰
李可可
LI Xue;ZHANG Yating;ZHU Youyu;HU Yanping;KONG Zhenghan;LI Keke(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Xi'an University ofScience and Technology,Xi'an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xi'an 710021,China)
出处
《功能材料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期6062-6068,6087,共8页
Journal of Functional Materials
基金
NSFC-山西煤基低碳联合基金项目(U1810113)
国家自然科学基金青年项目(52102051)。
关键词
硬碳
孔结构
调控
储能
钠离子电池
Hard carbon
pore structure
regulation
energy storage
sodium ion battery
