摘要
燃气发电具有清洁、高效、灵活、低碳的优势,在提高电力系统平稳、可持续发展等方面扮演着重要的角色。为了进一步认识发展燃气发电(以下简称气电)的重要性、坚定对燃气发电投资的信心、厘清发展中各环节存在的问题,回顾了我国气电工业的发展历程,分析了气电对于降低碳排放、电力调峰调频的重要作用,从能源结构、供需关系、气电特性、装机动态、价格政策、关键技术等方面,探讨了我国气电产业发展中存在的问题和面临的挑战。研究结果表明:①发展气电对于降低我国碳排放量、促进天然气工业发展、促进风电光伏等能源发展,提升电力系统灵活性等具有重要的意义;②当前,我国气电产业受到政策扶持力度不够,燃料成本相对较高,环保成本及调峰成本缺乏有效补偿,燃气轮机维护成本高等制约因素的影响;③当前随着国内天然气生产能力增加以及国外进口增加,以及我国燃气轮机的研发初见成效,我国已经具备大规模发展气电的基本条件。推进气电产业发展的途径和建议:①在中国“十四五规划”中规划和落实气电项目;②建立气电产业上下游合作的机制;③制定反映气电环保价值和调峰价值的定价机制;④加大科技创新力度,提升燃气轮机国产化水平并加快进程。
With predominant advantages in clean,high efficiency,flexibility,and low carbon,the gas power generation plays an important role in promoting a stable and sustainable development of power system.To further recognize its development importance,confirm investment confidence,and find out problems in each development link,the development history of gas power generation industry in China was summed up,and its important role in carbon emission and peak-shaving frequency control were analyzed.Then,many challenges to develop gas power generation industry were discussed from the aspects of energy structure,supply-demand relationship,gas power generation characteristics,installation dynamics,price policy,and key technology.Results show that(1)the development of gas power generation is of great significance to reduce carbon emission,promote development of natural-gas industry and wind power energy,and improve flexibility of power system;(2)at present,the domestic gas power generation industry is influenced by insufficient policy support,higher fuel cost,and deficient effective compensation for environmental-protection cost,peak-shaving cost,higher gas-turbine maintenance cost;and(3)there are basic conditions for the large-scale development of gas power generation as the increase of both gas productivity and foreign import and the initial success development of domestic gas turbine.In conclusion,it is necessary to further develop some gas power generation projects during the 14th Five-Year Plan,to establish the upstreamdownstream cooperation mechanism,to formulate the pricing mechanism that can reflect the environmental and peak-shaving value of gas power generation,and to strengthen the technological innovation to promote localization level and gas-turbine process.
作者
郭华璋
罗歆尧
张红梅
GUO Huazhang;LUO Xinyao;ZHANG Hongmei(China Railway International Group,Beijing 100020,China;Chongqing Natural Gas Pipeline Company Limited,Chongqing 410020,China;Sichuan Chuangang Gas Co.Ltd,Chengdu,Sichuan 610017,China)
出处
《天然气技术与经济》
2021年第5期75-82,共8页
Natural Gas Technology and Economy
关键词
天然气发电
能源转型
碳减排
政策扶持
体制推动
燃气轮机
Gas power generation
Energy transformation
Carbon emission reduction
Policy support
Institutional promotion
Gas turbine
