摘要
我国于2012年实现了社会保障在制度上的全覆盖。然而,对于自愿参与型社会保障项目,政策目标人群的参保率过低,无法充分发挥社会保障体系的风险分担和福利保障作用。2020年,党的十九届五中全会将健全社会保障体系作为“十四五”时期经济社会发展主要目标之一。分析政策目标人群的参保决策,有针对性地提高群众参保率,对于充分发挥社会保障制度的功能和健全社会保障体系具有重要意义。本文以新型农村社会养老保险(新农保)为例,使用家庭调查数据和工具变量方法,考察同群效应在社会保障项目参与决策中的作用。研究发现:同村居民参与新农保的比例每增加10个百分点,个体参保概率显著增加4.24个百分点;同村居民之间的信息传递以及其内部形成的社会规范是同群效应发挥作用的重要渠道;男性的参保行为具有更强的示范效应。本文的研究结论表明,加强基层政策宣传和提高政策透明度,以及有针对性地提高特定群体的参保率是提高社会保障项目整体参与率的有效手段。
China has developed one of the largest social security systems in the world.However,the proportion of the eligible population that participate in voluntary social programs is far below 100%,which limits the cost-sharing and welfare-protection functions of these programs.Low rates of participation in voluntary social programs are not a China-specific phenomenon,as they are seen in many other countries(Currie,2006;Matsaganis et al.,2008).Based on a thorough literature review,Currie(2006)concludes that information friction,stigma costs and transaction costs are the key factors that determine individuals'participation in such programs.However,as acknowledged by Currie(2006),rates of participation in these programs are usually well below 50%,and thus are not wholly attributable to these three factors.Alsan and Yang(2018)and Zhang(2019)show that migration policy and cultural norms,respectively,also affect participation in voluntary social programs.However,these factors only explain the low participation in voluntary social programs with specific policy or cultural backgrounds and are not a general explanation for the low participation in such programs worldwide.Thus,this paper investigates the role of the peer effect on participation in voluntary social programs,as the peer effect plays an important role in individual decision-making and is an important factor in the uptake of social health insurance(Duflo and Saez,2002;Liu et al.,2014).We use data from China Family Panel Studies to estimate whether the participation rate of people's neighbors(within the same village)affects people's participation decisions by examining participation in China's New Rural Pension Scheme(NRPS).Our conventional ordinary least squares estimate(OLS)shows that a 1%increase in people's neighbors'participation in the NRPS increases the likelihood of people's own participation by 0.76%,which is significant.We follow Case and Katz(1991)and Duflo and Saez(2002)by using an instrumental variable(IV)approach to detect causal inference.Specifically,w
作者
张川川
朱涵宇
ZHANG Chuanchuan;ZHU Hanyu(School of Economics,Zhejiang University;National School of Development,Peking University)
出处
《金融研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第9期111-130,共20页
Journal of Financial Research
基金
浙江省社科规划课题成果
浙江省社科规划重点课题(21WZQH01Z)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金的资助。
