摘要
作为发轫于英国普通法与衡平法共存背景下的传统制度,禁诉令对于消解平行程序、处理诉讼竞合具有重要价值。随着国际商事仲裁制度的全球化推广,禁诉令逐渐引入仲裁,作为协调司法与仲裁关系的方式之一。从域外国际商事仲裁中发布禁诉令的实践来看,既包括法院基于对仲裁提供司法协助签发的禁诉令,也包括仲裁庭基于维护自裁管辖权所签发的禁诉令,还包括法院为阻断外国禁诉令所签发的反禁诉令。就理论而言,关于法院能否为仲裁签发禁诉令,可谓毁誉参半,支持者与反对者各执一词。我国当前立法缺乏关于禁诉令的直接规定,尽管法院已在多起民事诉讼案件中签发禁诉令,但其与法院为仲裁签发的禁诉令并非同一含义。构建我国的仲裁禁诉令立法,需要遵循国际礼让原则、利益衡平原则、诚实信用原则。在明确仲裁禁诉令的性质属于管辖权裁定的基础上,立法应当对禁诉令的审查条件、违反禁诉令的法律后果作出明确规范,从而为中国仲裁提供坚实的司法保障。
As a traditional system originated from England in the coexistent era of common law and equity,anti-suit injunction is of great value in eliminating parallel procedure and dealing with concurrent litigation.With the globalization of the international commercial arbitration system,anti-suit injunction is gradually introduced into arbitration as one of the ways to coordinate the relationship between justice and arbitration.From the perspective of the practice of issuing arbitration injunction in extraterritorial international commercial arbitration,it includes not only the injunction issued by the court to provide judicial assistance for arbitration,but also the injunction issued by the arbitration tribunal itself to maintain its own jurisdiction in accordance with the competence-competence principle,as well as the counter injunction issued by the court to block foreign injunction.As far as theory is concerned,the question of whether a court may issue an an-suit injunction for an arbitration is divided between proponents and opponents.Although Chinese court has issued the injunction in many civil litigation cases,it does not have the same meaning with the injunction issued by the court for arbitration.When deciding whether or not to issues anti-suit injunction,it is necessary for the tribunal to follow the principle of international comity,the principle of interest balance and the good faith principle to construct Chinese arbitration an-suit injunction.On the basis of clarifying that the nature of the arbitration injunction belongs to the ruling of jurisdiction,the legislation should clearly the judicial review conditions of the anti-suit injunction and the legal consequences of the violation of such injunction,so as to provide a solid judicial guarantee for the arbitration in China.
出处
《国际法学刊》
2021年第3期55-77,156,157,共25页
Journal of International Law
基金
研究阐释党的十九届四中全会精神国家社科基金重大项目《我国法域外适用法治体系构建研究》(项目编号:20ZDA031)
首都经济贸易大学北京市属高校基本科研业务费专项的阶段性成果。
关键词
国际礼让
禁诉令
利益平衡
仲裁协议
行为保全
international comity
anti-suit injunction
balance of interest
arbitration agreement
behavior preservation
