摘要
【目的】探究巨玫瑰葡萄不同生育阶段对各必需营养元素的吸收分配比率、需求比例、吸收速率和需求量等需求特性指标,为巨玫瑰葡萄的科学合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以9年生贝达嫁接的巨玫瑰葡萄为试材,2017—2018年分别在其关键生育期整株取样,对树体各必需营养元素的含量进行测定。【结果】不同生育阶段巨玫瑰葡萄对各元素均有一定需求。末花期至转色期对各元素的需求量均最大,占全年总需求量的39.18%~53.19%。萌芽期至始花期氮和铁、转色期至采收期钾和钙及采收期至落叶期镁的吸收分配比率均超过20%。生产1000 kg果实需要氮4.77 kg、磷1.41 kg、钾6.08 kg、钙5.05 kg、镁0.96 kg、铁124.86 g、锰31.05 g、锌26.17 g、硼33.89 g、铜6.83 g、钼0.27 g。全年各营养元素的需求比例氮∶磷∶钾∶钙∶镁为10.00∶2.97∶12.74∶10.65∶2.02,铁∶锰∶锌∶铜∶硼∶钼为10.00∶2.48∶2.09∶2.72∶0.55∶0.02。【结论】巨玫瑰葡萄对钾的需求量最高,钙与氮相近,镁与磷相近,施肥管理需要重视每个生育阶段各种必需营养元素的供给。
【Objective】Jumeigui grape(Shenyang big-berry muscat×Kyoho)is a self-selected cultivar with a large planting area in our country.It has big berry size,high quality,and a strong rose fragrance,which is widely favored by consumers.However,the problems of soft fruit and poor performance in storage and transportation of Jumeigui grape seriously affect its economic profit and large-scale promotion.A number of studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between the nutrient level and the firmness and the storage and transportation performance of the fruit.Currently,empirical fertilization and random fertilization in grape production in our country is widespread,which seriously restricts the healthy and sustainable development of the industry.Balanced fertilization and formula fertilization according to the nutrient requirement characteristics of grape are necessary for green,high-quality and efficient production of grapes.This study examined the absorption and distribution,and demand of each essential nutrient element in Jumeigui grape at different developmental phases in order to provide theoretical reference for reasonable fertilization of Jumeigui grape.【Methods】Nine-year-old Jumeigui grapevines on Beta rootstock were used as the experimental materials in this study,which was carried out in the demonstration table grape orchard,in Institute of Pomology,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences.Grapevines with even vigor and growth status were chosen before the experiment in 2017.From 2017 to 2018,uprooting of the whole vines at key developmental phases,including budding stage,early flowering stage,end flowering stage,seed development stage,veraison stage,harvest stage and leaf falling stage.Three grapevines were randomly collected at each stage.Each collected vine was divided into roots,main trunks,main canes,new shoots,leaves,leaf petioles,floral clusters or berries.The grapevines were conventionally managed,and the new shoots,leaves,leaf petioles,floral clusters and berries pruned in current seas
作者
史祥宾
刘凤之
王孝娣
王小龙
王宝亮
王志强
冀晓昊
王海波
SHI Xiangbin;LIU Fengzhi;WANG Xiaodi;WANG Xiaolong;WANG Baoliang;WANG Zhiqiang;JI Xiaohao;WANG Haibo(Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultur�al Crops(Germplasm Resources Utilization),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Fertiliz�ers Efficient Utilization of Deciduous Fruit Tree,Xingcheng 125100,Liaoning,China)
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第10期1708-1716,共9页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-29-zp)
中国农业科学院创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2016-RIP-04)
国家重点研发专项(2018YFD0201300)。
关键词
巨玫瑰葡萄
营养元素
需求特性
合理施肥
Jumeigui grape
Nutrition elements
Requirement characteristics
Rational fertilization
