摘要
以国家赛艇队女子双桨组8名优秀运动员为研究对象,记录高原训练中每日训练负荷,测量两次高原训练前后有氧运动能力的变化及循环血红蛋白、铁蛋白和皮质醇浓度,用以比较优秀女子赛艇运动员奥运会年两次高原训练负荷特征及有氧运动能力变化.结果发现:1)两次高原训练的训练量相近,均以水上训练为主,低强度有氧耐力训练占比95%以上;无氧阈及以上强度的训练第一次高原训练约占1%,而第二次高原训练增加至3.6%.2)第一次高原训练后多级递增负荷测试同级强度下即刻心率均升高,而第二次高原训练后均下降;第一次高原训练后仅250 W功率对应的即刻血乳酸浓度降低,但第二次高原训练后血乳酸浓度均下降,且组间150 W和200 W功率对应的即刻血乳酸浓度的变化存在显著差异.3)第一次高原训练后循环血Hgb、Fer均升高,Fer显著升高,但第二次高原后Hgb、Fer均下降,Hgb显著下降,组间Hgb、Fer的变化存在显著差异.说明以低强度有氧训练为主的两次高原训练相比较,无氧阈及以上强度训练占比更高的第二次高原训练后有氧运动能力得到了更大幅度改善,并伴随有循环血血红蛋白和铁蛋白浓度的下降.
With eight elite athletes from the female double sculls group of the national rowing team as the research objects,this paper recorded the daily training load in the altitude trainings,and measured the changes of aerobic exercise ability before and after the two plateau training as well as the concentration of circulating hemoglobin,fertin and cortisol,to compare the training load characteristics and aerobic capacity changes in two altitude trainings of elite female rowers.The results showed that the total training volumes of the two altitude trainings were similar,most of which were on the water,and aerobic endurance trainings with low intensity accounted for more than 95%.The trainings with unaerobic threshold and above accounted for about 1%in the first altitude training,increased to 3.6%in the second altitude training.With multi-level incremental load test,the instant heart rate corresponding to the same intensity increased in the first altitude training but decreased in the second altitude training.In addition,only the immediate blood lactate concentration corresponding to 250 W power decreased after the first altitude training,but the blood lactate concentration all decreased after the second training,and the immediate blood lactate concentration corresponding to 150 W and 200 W power varied significantly.The level of circulating blood Hgb,Fer increased after the first altitude training,and Fer increased significantly,but decreased after the second altitude training,Hgb decreased significantly,and showed significant differences in Hgb,Fer changes between groups.It was indicated that comparing two altitude trainings with low-intensity aerobic trainings,after the second altitude training,in which unaerobic threshold and above training accounted for a higher ratio,aerobic exercise capacity significantly improved,along with a decrease in circulating hemoglobin and ferrin concentrations.
作者
王玉新
孟志军
高欢
WANG Yuxin;MENG Zhijun;GAO Huan(Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science(Shanghai Anti-Doping Centre),Shanghai 200030,China;Yunnan Institute of Sports Science,Kunming 650041,China)
出处
《杭州师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
2021年第5期535-541,550,共8页
Journal of Hangzhou Normal University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
上海市体育局雏鹰计划(20C003).
