摘要
地震数据采集过程中,可能会通过如城区、工业园之类的大区域障碍,以前施工只能丢井,造成浅层资料缺失和覆盖次数不均匀。现在通过炸药、可控震源联合施工基本弥补了这一缺陷。但两种采集方式的地震资料存在明显的相位、振幅、频率、子波不一致,在对炸药震源与可控震源实际采集资料分析的基础上,综合前人的处理经验,提出混采数据匹配3步法处理技术流程:①对可控震源进行最小相位化处理,使它与炸药震源相位特征一致,消除不同震源之间采集资料的波形差异,满足地表一致性反褶积输入的前提条件;②通过可控震源能量比例因子+地表一致性振幅补偿的方法来解决两者之间振幅能量不一致的问题;③通过求取可控震源与炸药震源叠加剖面的匹配因子,应用于可控震源地震数据,消除残余的差异,达到振幅、频率、相位、子波的一致性。结果显示,通过一系列的匹配处理,两种震源单独叠加剖面拼接处,相位的连续性得到很好的改善,地层反射信息更加一致。对两种震源进行同时叠加,匹配后混叠区域内的叠加剖面的成像质量得到很大的改善,同相轴平滑清楚,易于追踪。
In the past,dynamite shooting had to be abandoned when seismic acquisition faced some extensive obstacles of urban areas or industrial parks,leading to shortage of data and various folds in shallow layers.An operation combining explosive source with vibroseis could basically make up for these defects.However,for seismic data acquired by these two modes,the phase,amplitude,frequency,and wavelet were obviously inconsistent.So,based on explosive-vibroseis combined excitation data and previous experience,a three-step processing technology was proposed,including(1)to conduct the minimum phase processing for the vibroseis to make it consistent with the phase characteristics of the explosive source,eliminate the waveform difference of acquired data from different sources,and meet the premise of surface consistent deconvolution input;(2)to solve the problem of inconsistent amplitude energy respectively obtained from vibroseis energy scale factor and surface consistent amplitude compensation;and(3)to apply the gained matching factor of explosive-vibroseis superposition section to seismic data acquired by vibroseis,so as to eliminate the residual difference,and to made the amplitude,frequency,phase,and wavelet consistent.After some matching processing,the phase continuity at the splicing stacked sections of each source may be well improved and the reflection data of strata is more consistent.By stacking the two sources at the same time,the imaging quality of stacked sections in the mixing area may also be greatly improved,and the seismic events become smooth and clear,and easy to be traced.
作者
孔令霞
韩嵩
屠志慧
曾鸣
彭浩天
Kong Lingxia;Han Song;Tu Zhihui;Zeng Ming;Peng Haotian(Exploration and Development Research Institute,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,Chengdu,Sichuan 610041,China)
出处
《天然气勘探与开发》
2021年第3期30-35,共6页
Natural Gas Exploration and Development
基金
中国石油西南油气田公司科技重大专项“四川盆地二叠系火成岩成藏地质理论与勘探开发关键技术研究”(编号:2019ZD01)。
关键词
井震混采
可控震源
炸药震源
一致性处理
最小相位
子波整形
振幅
互相关
Explosive-vibroseis combined acquisition
Vibroseis
Explosive source
Consistency processing
Minimum phase
Wavelet shaping
Amplitude
Cross correlation
