摘要
作为畜禽屠宰的副产物,动物骨因其丰富的蛋白质和广阔的深加工利用的发展前景而成为当今环境、农业和能源等领域的研究热点。受自身骨骼结构和综合利用技术的制约,骨骼的深加工利用率不足2%,造成了严重的资源浪费与环境污染。蛋白水解作为蛋白质资源深加工领域最有效的技术手段,可实现大宗蛋白质资源的高效回收利用;而蛋白水解物优异的溶解性、可降解性、生物相容性和独特的生物功能活性使其具有开发高值材料的潜力。随着石化资源的短缺和人们健康环保意识的增强,人们对环保型可再生型新材料的需求逐渐迫切,而畜禽骨蛋白质材料的开发利用紧密结合国家新型战略产业——生物制造业,将促进农副产品加工业的持续健康发展。针对畜禽骨蛋白质材料化开发利用的发展历程及当前的研究热点,本文阐述了絮凝剂、粘结剂、可降解塑料、表面活性剂、医用材料等近年来研究较广的畜禽骨蛋白质材料化利用途径,并总结了各种利用途径的应用效果和局限性;同时,总结分析了现今利用蛋白水解物开发新型材料的相关理论及研究成果,为开发畜禽骨蛋白质材料提供了理论支持;最后,基于目前生物基材料的发展趋势及畜禽骨深加工技术的难点问题,客观展望了畜禽骨蛋白质材料的制备及应用发展方向。
As a by-product of animal slaughter,bone has become a hotspot in the fields of environment,agriculture,and energy.Animal bones have high protein content and broad prospects for deep processing.Constrained by their own structure and the technology of comprehensive utilization,the utilization rate of bones in deep processing is less than 2%,resulting in a serious waste of resources and environmental issues.Enzymatic proteolysis technology is an effective method for deep processing of protein resources,which can be used to change the structure and composition of bone proteins and achieve diversification of protein functions.The excellent solubility,degradability,biocompatibility,and unique biological functional activities of protein hydrolysates have the potential for the development of high-value materials.With the social and economic development and the enhancement of people’s environmental awareness,there is an urgent unmet need to develop new environmentally friendly and renewable materials.The research of animal bone protein materials was closely integrated with the biological manufacturing,thus promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the agricultural and sideline product processing industry.The most widely used method of materialized utilization in animal bone waste protein is introduced,mainly including flocculants,adhesives,biodegradable plastic,surfactants,and medical materials,and the application effects and limitations of the 5 methods are summarized in this paper.Meanwhile,the results of empirical and theoretical research on the development of protein materials are clarified,which provided theoretical support for the development of new-type protein materials from animal bone.Finally,taking the development trend of compo-sites and difficulties of deep processing technology for bone resources into account,the potential applications of animal bone protein materials has been objectively prospected.
作者
姚玉梅
袁湘汝
韩鲁佳
杨增玲
刘贤
YAO Yumei;YUAN Xiangru;HAN Lujia;YANG Zengling;LIU Xian(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第17期17136-17142,共7页
Materials Reports
基金
国家重点研发计划(2016YFE0112800)
教育部创新团队发展计划项目(IRT-17R105)。
关键词
畜禽骨蛋白质
蛋白质材料
高值转化
絮凝剂
粘结剂
可降解塑料
表面活性剂
animal bones protein
protein materials
high-value transformation
flocculant
adhesive
biodegradable plastics
surfactant
