摘要
颜元承孟子性善之旨,认为"人无有不善",但他亦不得不承认人的气禀有偏正之分。在"偏亦为善"的基础上,颜元认为,气质偏驳之人能够通过后天的学习有所作为,最终成为伯夷、伊尹、柳下惠等这样的"偏圣"。颜元继承了孟子、朱熹关于"偏圣"的说法,却一改孟、朱对其"虽为圣但吾不取"的态度,对"偏圣"给予正面的认可。对于气质偏驳之人如何成圣,颜元亦提供了"就其质性之近而学,近夷学夷,近惠学惠"的方案。颜元的"圣人观"受到明代以来圣人普遍化思潮的影响,他吸收了王阳明"以才力论偏圣"之思想,进而发展为"以气质论偏圣",极大地扩充了"圣人"的范畴,提供了更为多样化的成圣道路,较诸王阳明,走得更远。
Yan Yuan inherited Mencius’s purpose of good nature and believed that"there is nothing wrong with man",but he also had to admit that human temperament was both positive and biased.On the basis of"partiality is also good",Yan Yuan believes that people with temperamental deflections can make a difference through learning and hard work,and eventually become such"partial saints"like Boyi,Yiyin,and Liuxiahui.Yan Yuan inherited Mencius and Zhu Xi’s statement on"partial sage",but changed the attitude of Meng and Zhu to"those are saints but I don’t take",and gave positive recognition to"partial sage".For how a person with biased temperament becomes a saint,Yan Yuan also provided a plan of"learning on the basis of their qualities;If the temperament is close to Boyi,then learn from Boyi.If the temperament is close to Liuxiahui,then learn from Liuxiahui".Yan Yuan’s"sage view"was influenced by the general trend of sage universalization since the Ming Dynasty.He absorbed Yangming’s idea of"salientity based on talent",and then developed into"salientity based on temperament",greatly expanding the the scope of saints,and providing a more diversified way of sanctification,which goes further than Wang Yangming.
作者
张琳
ZHANG Lin(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China)
出处
《湖南工程学院学报（社会科学版）》
2021年第3期19-24,共6页
Journal of Hunan Institute of Engineering(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“中国诸子学通史”(19ZDA244)。
关键词
颜元
偏圣
圣人观
朱熹
王阳明
Yan Yuan
partial sage
Saint view
Zhu Xi
Wang Yangming
