摘要
从微观视角探讨出口贸易如何影响企业环境表现,有助于揭开贸易开放环境效应的机制“黑箱”,对新时代中国协调贸易与环境的关系,促进企业绿色发展亦具有重要现实意义。但目前利用微观企业数据研究出口贸易与企业环境表现的文献较为有限,其作用机制更是少有涉及。鉴于此,利用中国1998-2012年独特的工业企业污染数据库,与中国工业企业数据库和中国海关企业数据库匹配,使用基于倾向匹配的多期双重差分(PSM-DID)方法识别出口贸易对企业SO2污染排放强度的影响,并探究传导机制和异质性效应。研究发现:总体而言,出口显著降低了企业SO2排放强度,进行多种稳健性检验后,相关结论依然成立;出口对不同地区、不同贸易方式和不同所有制企业的环境绩效存在差异性影响;出口可以通过“技术效应”促使企业降低SO2排放强度,并且企业主要通过“源头治理”而非“末端治理”的方式来实现上述过程。这表明我国贸易开放在促进经济增长的同时,还具有明显的环境福利效应。
Exploring how export trade affects the environmental performance of firms from a micro perspective is helpful to uncover the mechanism“black box”of trade environmental effects,which is of great significance for China to coordinate the relationship between trade growth and environment conservation,promote the green development of enterprises.However,the literature on the relationship between export trade and enterprise pollution emissions using micro enterprise data is relatively infrequent.By using China’s unique industrial enterprise pollution database from 1998 to 2012,and matching with China’s industrial enterprises database and China Customs enterprise database,this paper adopts propensity score matching combined with multi-period difference-in-differences model(PSM-DID)to identify the impact of exporting behavior on manufacturing firms’SO2 emission intensity,and further explores the underlying mechanism and heterogeneous effect.It finds that exporting significantly reduces firms’SO2 emission intensity in general.This main founding is still robust after applying several robustness checks.Meanwhile,exporting has different effects on the environmental performance of firms in different regions and trade pattern,as well as firms with different ownership.In terms of mechanism,exporting can promote firm to reduce SO2 emission intensity and realize energy conservation through“technology effect”.And the reduction mainly stems from the emission source treatment rather than the end-of-pipe treatment.This study reveals that China’s trade opening policy can not only promote economic growth,but also has obvious environmental welfare effect.
作者
魏伟
肖庆兰
谌仁俊
Wei Wei;Xiao Qinglan;Shen Renjun(.School of Economics and Business Administration, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079;School of Economics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058)
出处
《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期65-79,共15页
Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“环境保护与经济高质量发展融合的机制、路径和政策体系研究”(18ZDA051)
国家自然科学基金青年项目“人力资本视角下大气污染的经济代价与治理对策研究”(71703052)
华中师范大学青年学术创新团队项目“产业集聚环境问题”(CCNU20TD007)。
关键词
出口贸易
SO2排放强度
技术效应
企业异质性
firm exporting
SO 2 emission intensity
technology effect
firm heterogeneity
