摘要
随着中国越来越深入地参与国际贸易,出口企业不得不采取措施以适应其他国家频繁变化的环境壁垒,这就要求出口企业具有更高的环境友好度。本文构建了一个简单的理论模型,将环境污染和技术选择纳入异质性企业贸易模型中,得出:相对于非出口企业,出口企业平均使用更多的清洁技术生产,排放较少的污染物。我们运用2004年工业企业微观数据,通过倾向得分匹配方法(PSM),考察了出口对企业排污强度的影响。结果表明,与非出口企业相比,出口企业的排污费要低28%左右,这也证实了理论模型中出口能改善企业环境质量的预测。将变量分所有制、分行业、分地区进行稳健性检验,结果均证明出口有助于企业改善自身排污水平。政策含义表明,政府应该完善企业环境政策,鼓励出口和非出口企业采取清洁生产制度,解决两类企业环境质量的差别;鼓励出口企业通过环境成本内在化,提升出口产品绿色价值,有效避免"绿色贸易壁垒"对出口产品的影响。
Being involved in international trade deeply, Chinese exports enterprises have to take actions to fit ever-changing environmental barriers of other countries. This requires the export enterprises to be more eco-friendly. A simple theoretical model is generated in this paper. By considering the trade model with pollution and technique selection, it suggests that a negative relationship exists between export and emission intensity. Analyzing the micro-data of industrial enterprises in 2004 by PSM （propensity score matching） method, the results indicate the export enterprises spend 28% less on waste disposal than non-export enterprises do. This also verified the assumption that export help improve the environmental quality for an enterprise. The robustness test for different grouped data （grouped by ownership or region） illustrates that export help enterprises decrease the emission level. Policy implications suggest the government should improve the environmental regulations for the enterprises, and advocate the export and non-export enterprises to utilize sanitation production system which can eliminate the environmental differences between two types of companies. Furthermore, the government should encourage the enterprises to internalize the cost to lift up the product value and avoid the influence of green trade barriers.
出处
《财贸经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第10期94-104,共11页
Finance & Trade Economics
关键词
出口
排污费
倾向得分匹配
中国工业企业
Export, Pollutant Discharge Fee, Propensity Score Matching, Chinese Industrial Enterprises
