摘要
“新移民运动”在过去四十余年经历了重要的治理思路及治理政策的转折,在当前所处的流动人口规模调整期,仍面临着进一步制度创新的压力。从历史的维度梳理中国移民群体的八种历史类型,更能凸显“新移民运动”中城市新移民的性质和特征。“新移民运动”是和平发展时期经济驱动下的自发性“乡城”移民,这将其与中国历史上出现的主导型的政治性移民,以及从“狭乡”往“宽乡”的自发性或组织性的经济移民区别开来。在国家工业化和全球化的背景下,“新移民运动”也并非明清时期“乡城”移民传统接续后的自然发展。通过梳理移民组织形态从强制性移民、组织性移民到自发性移民的历史嬗变线索,结合移民治理制度的历史变迁,提出当代“新移民运动”治理应打破路径依赖,探索制度创新。
In the past 40 years,the“new immigration movement”has experienced an important turning point of governance ideas and policies.In the following period of the adjustment of the scale of floating population,it is also facing the pressure of further institutional innovation.From the historical dimension,this article sorts out eight historical types of Chinese migrant groups,and highlights the nature and characteristics of new urban mig rants in the“new migration movement”on the basis of comparative analysis.The“new migration movement”is a spontaneous rural-to-urban migration driven by the economy in peacetime,which is distinguished from the dominant political migration and the spontaneous or organized economic migration from“congested regions”to“sparsely populated regions”in Chinese history.Under the background of national industrialization and globali zation,the“new migration movement”is not naturally developed from the rural-to-urban migration tradition in the Ming and Qing dynasties.This article also sorts out the clues of the historical evolution of the forms of migrat ion organization from forced migration,to organized migration,and to spontaneous migration,and analyzes the path dependency and institutional innovation of contemporary“new migration movement”governance combined with the historical changes of migration governance institutions.
出处
《北京行政学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期84-91,共8页
Journal of Beijing administration institute
基金
国家社会科学基金项目(14CXW030)。
关键词
新移民运动
移民史
流动人口
路径依赖
新工人阶级
new migration movement
history of migration
migrant population
path dependency
new workers
