摘要
正当防卫的权利之本是正当防卫成立条件设置的基础与解释之源,但国内学者大多停留于介绍国外理论学说而没有进行必要的追问,以致正当防卫的权利之本没有达成共识,这是有关正当防卫成立条件的解读百家争鸣却难以平息的主要原因,也是有关防卫案件的司法裁判难以让人信服的深层根源。由于法益大小的衡量、法益位阶高低的判断变得越来越困难,“法益衡量说”和“优越利益说”的解释力越来越低。“社会秩序维护说”难以发挥正当防卫成立条件的解释功能,“个人的自己保全说”无法演绎出正当防卫的边界。“社会相当性说”贴近正当防卫的自然法之源,可以实现法理与事理的对接,会使正当防卫制度更接地气,得到最高司法机关发布的指导意见及其指导案例的间接肯认。另外,将社会相当性作为正当防卫的权利之本,不会重回法律与道德的混同,社会相当性的判断标准模糊的缺陷可以克服,判断要素无限、判断标准多元的问题可以解决。
The essence of the right of self-defense is the basis for the establishment of the conditions and the source of explanation for conditions.However,most domestic scholars focus on introducing foreign theoretical theories,so that there is no consensus on the right of legitimate defense.This is the main reason why the interpretation of the conditions of self-defense is endlessly controversial,and it is also a deep reason why the judicial judgment of defense cases is not convincing.As the measurement of the amount of legal interest and the judgment of legal interest rank become more and more difficult,the explanatory power of“the theory of measuring legal interest”and“the theory of superior interests”is getting increasingly weaker.The“social order maintenance theory”is difficult to perform the function of explaining the conditions of self-defense,and the“individual self-preservation theory”cannot deduce the boundaries of self-defense.Only the“social correspondence theory”reveals the foundation of the right of self-defense.The theory is close to the source of natural law of self-defense.It has the strongest explanatory power.It can realize the connection between legal principles and affairs,which will make the self-defense more grounded.The theory supported by the case of justified defense guidance.In addition,taking social correspondence as the basis of the right of self-defense will not return to the confusion of law and morality.The flaws in the judging standard of social correspondence can be overcome,and the problems of unlimited judging factors and multiple judging standards can be resolved.
出处
《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第8期101-116,共16页
Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“正当防卫制度反思研究”(19FFXB021)。
关键词
正当防卫
权利本质
社会相当性
合理性证明
defense
essence of rights
social correspondence theory
rationality demonstration
