摘要
《庄子》批判对知识的无尽追逐以及对知性的滥用与夸大。基于“好知”的困境和知性本身的局限,《庄子》告诫我们要“知止”。“知止”有三层含义:第一层是摆脱由“物之知”所陷入的无涯和无定的困境;第二层是认识到“道”的不可知;第三层是坦然面对“命”的无可奈何。除了要认识到“知止”,在修养工夫层面必须处理好“去知”和“养知”的关系:首先,只有通过“知之所知”,才能达到道之“不知”,庄子认为所知的方式是“去知”,即通过“去知”,来养得“不知”。所以养“不知”需要“养知”,“养知”需要“去知”;其次,“去知”不是否弃掉所有的知识,而是舍弃掉感官、知性、思辨等人为造作对生命所造成的束缚,要舍弃掉这些束缚,我们需要长期的修养工夫,所以“去知”也需要“养知”;最后,“养知”的工夫是对整全生命的涵养,只有能够涵养生命的知识才是真知识。
Chuang-Tzu criticizes endless seeking after knowledge and the abuse and arrogance of human intellect.On the hasis of the predicament of the desire for knowledge and the limit of intellection,his admonition is"knowing where to stop"(知止),which has three-fold meaning:first,getting out of the endlessness and indetermination of"knowing this and that";second,knowing the unknowability of Tao;third,facing the uncontrollable fate with tranquility.Apart from"knowing where to stop",Chuang-Tzu submits,on the level of cultivation,to manage the relationship between"knowledge-dispensing"and"knowledge-cultivating":first,only through"knowing what is known"can one come to the non-knowing of Tao.Chuang-Tzu believes that the right way to knowledge is"knowledge-dispensing",through which one cultivates"non-knowing";to cultivate non-knowing requires cultivating knowledge,which in turn requires dispensing knowledge.Second,knowledge-dispensing is not giving up all knowledge,but giving up the artificiality of perception,intellection and speculation that keeps life in chain;"knowledge-dispensing"requires"knowledge-cultivating"since to set life free from the chain requires long-term exercise.Last,the exercise of"knowledge-cultivating"is the cultivation of the entirety of life;the life-nourishing knowledge is true knowledge.
出处
《哲学门》
CSSCI
2018年第1期235-246,共12页
Beida Journal of Philosophy
关键词
《庄子》
知止
知识
修养
生命
Chuang-Tzu
Knowing where to stop
Knowledge
Cultivation
life
