摘要
进化论是鲁迅思想的一条主纲,但中国学界对鲁迅如何接纳严复译著《天演论》缺少纵向开掘,也因此受到华裔日本学者非议。总的来看,鲁迅对严复译著《天演论》采取了哲学的“扬弃”立场,取其精要,去其偏执。具体来说,即遵从科学意义上的万物进化论,赞同对弱小民族宣扬“天行”说,但又以赫胥黎的“人治”说反击遵循斯宾塞“丛林法则”的“兽性爱国”说。同时鲁迅把进化论和社会革命联系起来思考,愿意牺牲自我,促使希望在进化中诞生,而深潜于其体内的“鬼气”“一代不如一代”以及对“黄金世界”的疑虑反映了鲁迅的退化观念。与严复倾向于斯宾塞强调“舍己为群”不同,鲁迅更倾向于约翰·密尔,倡导“首在立人”,人立而“人国”立。然而,进化论在中国社会现实中的困境让鲁迅最后认识到必须以马克思主义学说来取代严复译著《天演论》。
Evolution is one of the main principles in Lu Xun’s thought,but there is a lack of vertical exploration in Chinese academic circles on how Lu Xun accepted Yan Fu’s translated work of Evolution and Ethics,which was criticized by Japanese scholars.Generally speaking,by absorbing the quintessence and getting rid of the bigotry,Lu Xun adopted a philosophical standpoint of“sublation”as to Yan Fu’s Evolution and Ethics.He followed the theory of evolution of all things in the scientific sense,approved of advocating Spencer’s“nature”theory among weak nations and at the same time counterattacked Spencer’s“beast patriotism”following the“law of the jungle”with Huxley’s“rule of man”.He linked evolution theory to social revolution and was willing to sacrifice himself to make the hope born in evolution.The“evil of ghosts”and“each generation is worse than the last”deep inside his body and his doubts over the“world of gold”reflected Lu Xun’s concept of degradation.Unlike Yan Fu,who preferred Spencer’s emphasis on“individual sacrifice for a group”,Lu Xun leaned towards John Mill and agreed that“the first is to cultivate the people”and with the people cultivated“the people and the nation”could succeed.The dilemma of evolution in social reality made Lu Xun finally realize that the Evolution and Ethics translated by Yan Fu must be replaced with Marxist theory.
出处
《东南学术》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期180-197,248,共19页
Southeast Academic Research
