摘要
面向网约车平台、司机和乘客三方,利用生灭过程理论及排队论描述了网约车平台中司机状态(空闲-繁忙)转化过程;将网约车价格及平台和司机间的收入分成作为决策变量,建立了司机愿意运营、乘客愿意乘坐的网约车供给与需求函数.在此基础上,面向静态定价策略和动态定价策略,从政府监管角度建立了社会福利最大化模型及其求解算法.为了确保模型能指导或监管网约车平台定价及分成,证明了网约车平台市场均衡的存在性,对比了静态和动态2种定价策略在不同市场规模下的社会福利值.研究结果表明,当市场规模有限时,基于动态定价策略的社会福利始终大于等于静态定价的社会福利;当市场规模趋于无限大时,这2种定价策略的社会福利是相等的.本文所建模型不仅能求解网约车平台的静态和动态最优定价及其分成系数,还能揭示平均乘车时间、司机和乘客选择网约车行为对平台定价策略的影响,从而为网约车平台定价及其监管提供理论依据.
For tripartite agents of online ridesourcing platform,drivers and passengers,the queuing theory and the birth and death process theory are used to describe the driver state transition process(idle-busy)in the car-hailing platform.With the ridesourcing price and revenue sharing between ridesourcing platform and driver as decision variables,the supply and the demand functions of driver's willingness to join the ridesourcing operation and the passengers'willingness to ride are both proposed.On this basis,the ridesourcing platform pricing models to maximize the social welfare under the static pricing strategy and the dynamic pricing strategy,are both proposed from angle of government regulation,and the algorithm for solving the model is also designed;In order to ensure that the theoretical model results be able to guide or supervise the pricing of the ridesourcing platform,the existence of market equilibrium of ridesourcing platform are proved,and the social welfares of static pricing strategy and the dynamic pricing strategy are compared.The research results show that the social welfare under dynamic pricing strategy is greater than the one of static pricing strategy under finite market size,while the social welfares under the dynamic and the static pricing strategy is equal under the large-market limit.The proposed model can not only solve the static and the dynamic optimal prices of ridesourcing platform,but also investigate the impacts of average ride time,the behavior of drivers and passengers choosing ridesourcing platform on pricing of the ridesourcing platform,thus provide theoretical foundation for the pricing and supervisation of ridesourcing platform.
作者
彭向
胡天宇
孙俊芳
张勇
PENG Xiang;HU Tianyu;SUN Junfang;ZHANG Yong(Dongwu Business School,Soochow University,Suzhou 215006,China;School of Railway Transportation,Soochow University,Suzhou 215131,China)
出处
《系统工程理论与实践》
EI
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期1806-1818,共13页
Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice
基金
国家自然科学基金(61773293)
国家社科基金重大项目(13&ZD175)
国家社会科学基金(18CJY026,19BJY108)。
关键词
网约车
静态定价
动态定价
排队论
社会福利
ridesourcing
static pricing
dynamic pricing
queuing theory
social welfare
