摘要
精细化治理空气污染正成为改善城市品质的重点方向,对城市多尺度PM_(2.5)时空格局与影响要素的梳理有助于从研究和实践层面加强规划设计对公共健康的积极影响。本文从全国、城市、社区层面较全面地阐述了不同时空尺度下PM_(2.5)的时空格局特征,总结了土地格局、交通网络、建成环境、蓝绿空间等不同影响因素与城市空气中PM_(2.5)的相互关联耦合作用。同时,本文分析了不同的研究方法在精细化污染治理中的应用,指出人工智能方法在高精度尺度下的时空复杂特征融合分析中的优势。最后,结合现有的城市PM_(2.5)治理经验,对精细化目标下分时分区的城市规划提出展望:基于提升精确度的新技术方法,优化城市空间结构,构建精细化分时分区管理策略。
Urban governance of air pollution at the fine-grained or hyperlocal level has attracted great attention to improving the quality of urban life.The assessment of spatiotemporal patterns of fine particles(PM_(2.5))in urban areas and their corresponding influencing factors can help reinforce the positive impact of urban planning and design on public health.Fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))was selected as the research object and the literature review of its distribution characteristics,influencing factors,the evolution of research methods was presented under the regional-city-community scale.The outlook on urban planning response was put forward then.As urban governance has entered into a new development stage in China,researchers have gradually started to explore the urban PM_(2.5) distribution patterns in-depth in different spatial and temporal dimensions.In this way,they could respond to air pollution issues more efficiently and precisely from the perspective of urban planning and management.The annual variation of PM_(2.5) concentration in China showed a U-shaped curve,which presented higher in winter and lower in summer.In addition,the daily concentration variations were bimodal and had hourly differences,showed that the maximum appeared during the morning and evening rush hours.The spatial distribution showed that the pollution caused by PM_(2.5) was severer in the plain areas of North China,while the areas north of the Yangtze River also showed higher PM_(2.5) concentration levels due to the dense population and developed economy.South of the Yangtze River,Tibet,and Yunnan in the southwest and southeast coastal areas had lower annual average PM_(2.5) concentrations.At the urban scale,different cities showed different spatial and temporal distribution patterns due to their various geographical location,population distribution,and climatic characteristics.At the same time,the distribution of the pollution sources,traffic behavior,and blue-green spaces within the cities were also the main influence factor of PM_(
作者
刘超
金梦怡
朱星航
彭仲仁
LIU Chao;JIN Mengyi;ZHU Xinghang;PENG Zhongren
出处
《西部人居环境学刊》
CSCD
2021年第4期9-18,共10页
Journal of Human Settlements in West China
基金
中国自然科学基金青年项目(52108060)
上海市自然科学基金项目(21ZR1466500)
北大-林肯中心2021-2022年度研究基金
上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司一般课题项目(KY-2020-YB-B02)。
