摘要
防御性紧急避险是指针对危险源实施的避险行为,可类型化为针对不可归责的危险实施的防御性紧急避险、预防性的防御性紧急避险以及“生命冲突案”中的防御性紧急避险三种类型。立足于防御性紧急避险中的各主体和各要件进行分析,可得出多元论的正当化根据。第一种类型由避险人视角下的法益保护原则,危险引起方视角下的风险管辖责任、法益值得保护性及基本权利限制,以及第三人视角下的法确证原则所证成;第二种类型由公民底线救济的基本权利、公权转移的最大克制原则以及法秩序和平状态的维系所证成;第三种类型主要由人权与尊严的宪法保障以及道德哲学层面的自尊原则,“人非工具”的道德准则、对生命的道德责任和自治原则所证成。多元论根据得以为防御性紧急避险的精确化适用奠定理论基础。
Defensive emergency hedging refers to hedging against dangerous sources,when discussing its justification basis,it can be classified as defensive emergency avoidance towards danger not to blame,preventable defensive emergency hedge and defensive emergency avoidance in“conflict of life”.Analysing based on each part and main elements,we can derive the basis of pluralism.For the first type,it includes the principle of legal protection under the per-spective of a hedger,the risk liability,worth-protecting legal interests and their constitutional basis under risk-causing side,as well as the law-confirm principle under the third party.For the second type,it concludes the right to effectively protect legal interests,the maximum restraint principle when public power transfers,the worth-protecting legal interests,the maintenance of law order and the right of self-relief for citizens at the bottom line.For the third type,it mainly includes self-esteem principle,the moral standard of man can’t be regarded as tool,the responsibility for life and the principle of autonomy on moral philosophy level.The pluralism basis provides a theoretical basis for the precise application of defensive emergency hedges.
出处
《人权研究（辑刊）》
2021年第1期228-267,518,519,共42页
Journal of Human Rights
关键词
防御性紧急避险
基本权利
风险管辖
利益衡量
生命冲突
Defensive Emergency Hedge
Principle of Equality
Risk Jurisdiction
Measure of Interest
Life Conflict
