摘要
为了解决煤炭开采沉陷土壤养分损害及修复问题,通过室内外实验和数据分析等方法,以黄河中游煤矿区陕北张家峁井田沉陷黄土坡面土壤为研究对象,分析土壤养分空间变化特征与规律。研究结果表明,沉陷坡面土壤的有机质、铵态氮、速效钾含量在不同坡面、不同土层垂直深度存在明显差异,且呈现出不同的空间变化规律,但速效磷含量差异不明显;开采沉陷会造成土壤有机质、铵态氮、速效磷等养分全坡面性的损失,速效钾局部性损失和富集;在沉陷坡面修复过程中,坡顶和坡中土壤的养分最为贫瘠,应以人工修复为主,而坡脚土壤养分较丰富,应以自然恢复为主;坡顶20~40 cm土层、坡脚0~10 cm土层、坡中40~60 cm土层、全坡面0~10 cm土层应依次作为沉陷坡面土壤有机质、铵态氮、速效磷、速效钾修复的重点部位。
In order to solve the problem of soil nutrient damage and restoration in coal mining subsidence area,through indoor and outdoor experiments,data analysis and other methods,taking the loess slope soil of field subsidence in Zhangjiamao mining area in northern Shaanxi in coal mining area of the middle reaches of the Yellow River as the research object,the spatial variation characteristics and laws of soil nutrients were analyzed.The research showed that the contents of organic matter,ammonium nitrogen,available potassium of soil on subsidence slope were significantly different in vertical depths of different slopes and different soil layers,with a different spatial variation patterns,but the difference in available phosphorus content was not obvious;mining subsidence would cause the loss of soil organic matter,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus and other nutrients on the whole slope,and the local loss and enrichment of available potassium;in the restoration of subsidence slope,the soil nutrients in the top and middle of the slope were the poorest,which should be mainly repaired by artificial restoration,while the soil nutrients in the toe of the slope were rich,which should be mainly restored by natural restoration;the top 20~40 cm soil layer,the toe 0~10 cm soil layer,the middle 40~60 cm soil layer and the whole slope 0~10 cm soil layer should be the key parts of restoration of soil organic matter,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in subsidence slope.
作者
刘具
宋世杰
杜麟
杨磊
梁跃强
程坤
LIU Ju;SONG Shijie;DU Lin;YANG Lei;LIANG Yueqiang;CHENG Kun(Consulting Center of China National Coal Association,Chaoyang,Beijing 100013,China;College of Geology and Environment,Xi'an University of Science and Technology,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710054,China)
出处
《中国煤炭》
2021年第8期63-68,共6页
China Coal
关键词
沉陷黄土坡面
土壤养分
空间变化规律
修复策略
陕北煤矿区
subsidence loess slope
soil nutrient
spatial variation law
restoration strategy
Northern Shaanxi coal mining area
