摘要
气候变暖日益加剧,近100年来全球地表平均气温已经上升近1.0℃。稻–麦两熟是苏、皖江淮地区的主流种植制度,但江淮稻–麦两熟种植制度对气候变暖的适应还不清楚。为此,我们利用34个气象站点和45个物候站点多年历史数据分析了江淮稻–麦两熟区气温升高特征和作物物候变化规律。研究表明,江淮地区增温幅度区域上南高北低,熟季间麦季高稻季低,月份间3月份最高。水稻季,江南地区播种期推迟3.4 d 10a^(–1)、淮南抽穗期提早2 d 10a^(–1)、淮北收获期推迟6.2 d 10a^(–1)。小麦季,江南播种期推迟6.4 d 10a^(–1)、全区域抽穗期和收获期有提早的趋势。稻–麦茬口期淮北缩短4.6 d 10a^(–1)、江南延长6.9 d 10a^(–1)。水稻、小麦各生育阶段平均温度没有显著变化、花后有效积温大多呈增加趋势。水稻季积温生产效率变化不大,小麦季积温生产效率提高了0.008~0.346 kg hm^(–2)℃^(–1)10a^(–1)。气温升高降低了江南和淮南地区小麦产量和淮南地区水稻产量,但增加了淮北地区小麦产量。研究结果表明江淮稻–麦两熟种植制度正逐步适应了气候变暖,通过合理改变播期可以减缓气候变暖对作物产量的负面影响;可为气候变化适应性栽培和耕作技术创新提供参考。
As the climate warming is increasing,the global average surface temperature has risen by nearly 1℃ in the past 100 years.Rice-wheat cropping system is the mainstream cropping system in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces,but its adaptation to climate warming is still unclear.We analyzed the characteristics of tempera-ture rise and crop phenological changes in the rice–wheat double cropping area of Jiangsu using the historical data from 34 meteorological stations and 45 phenological stations over the years.The results revealed that the range of temperature increase in Jianghuai area was higher in the south than in the north,higher in wheat season and lower in rice ripe season,and the highest in March.In the rice season,the sowing date in Jiangnan was delayed by 3.4 d 10a^(–1),the heading date in Huainan was advanced by 2 d 10a^(–1),and the harvest date in Huaibei was delayed by 6.2 d 10a^(–1).In the wheat season,the sowing date in Jiangnan was delayed by 6.4 d 10a^(–1),and the heading and harvest time tended to be earlier in the whole region.The rice–wheat stubble stage was short-ened by 4.6 d 10a^(–1) in Huaibei and 6.9 d 10a^(–1) in Jiangnan.The average temperature of rice and wheat during growth period had no significant change,but the effective accumulated temperature post anthesis was increasing.There was no significant change of the production efficiency of accumulated temperature in rice season,while the production efficiency of accumulated temperature in wheat season increased by 0.008-0.346 kg hm^(-2)℃^(-1)10a^(-1).Warming decreased wheat yields in the north of Yangtze River and Huainan area,but increased wheat yield in Huaibei area.In summary,these results indicated that the rice-wheat cropping system in Jianghuai was gradually adapting to the climate warming,and the negative effects of climate warming on crop yield could be alleviated by reasonably changing sowing date.Our findings can provide reference for climate change adaptation
作者
陈长青
李伟玮
朱相成
刘菁
李刚华
许轲
江瑜
丁艳锋
CHEN Chang-Qing;LI Wei-Wei;ZHU Xiang-Cheng;LIU Jing;LI Gang-Hua;XU Ke;JIANG Yu;DING Yan-Feng(Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China;College of life Science and Resources and Environment,Yichun University,Yichun 336000,Jiangxi,China;Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Techno-logy in the Yangtze Valley,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225009,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第11期2250-2257,共8页
Acta Agronomica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300100)
江苏省省级现代农业发展计划项目(2019-SJ-039-07)资助。
关键词
稻–麦两熟
增温特征
物候特征
积温生产效率
rice-wheat rotation system
temperature rise characteristic
phenological change
production efficiency of accumu-lated temperature