摘要
钙钛矿太阳电池及其叠层电池发展迅速,成为当前光伏领域的研究热点。有机无机卤化钙钛矿材料具有吸收系数高、带隙可调、制备工艺简单等优点,其单结太阳电池实验室效率从2009年的3.8%迅速提升到25.2%,两端钙钛矿/硅叠层太阳电池效率达到29.15%。钙钛矿太阳电池种类丰富,依据器件结构主要分为介孔型钙钛矿太阳电池和平面型(nip结构和pin结构)钙钛矿太阳电池。大量研究工作通过钝化工程、添加剂工程、能级匹配工程、组分工程等先进技术获得高质量的钙钛矿吸收层和光电性能好、低成本、无污染的电荷传输层,提升电荷提取效率,使得每种器件结构均能实现22%以上的超高效率。但常规钙钛矿材料光、湿、热稳定性差,部分研究通过改善吸收层的成分,研发出准二维钙钛矿太阳电池与全无机钙钛矿太阳电池,更加贴合实际应用。考虑到不同的应用场景,钙钛矿太阳电池又进一步分化出柔性钙钛矿太阳电池与半透明钙钛矿太阳电池,透明导电电极的研发成为该领域的重要突破方向。基于钙钛矿的叠层电池中,高效钙钛矿/硅叠层电池是研究重点,通过优化陷光策略和添加剂工程等方法降低光学损失与电学损失,能够在材料成本增长不大的情况下显著提升电池效率,极具市场竞争力。本文主要阐述了钙钛矿太阳电池及其叠层电池的发展历史、器件种类和结构、功能层材料特性、性能优化策略,并对其面临的挑战以及发展趋势进行了总结与展望。
Perovskite solar cells and perovskite-based tandem cells have become an international research focus in the field of photovoltaics.Organic and inorganic halide perovskite materials exhibit some advantages,like high absorption coefficient,adjustable band gap,and simple preparation process.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)of single junction perovskite solar cells have developed rapidly from 3.8%in 2009 to 25.2%at present and the PCE of monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell have reached 29.15%.There are two device architectures currently dominating in the field of perovskite solar cells:mesoporous type and planar heterojunction.Nume-rous research efforts have been performed,including a high-quality perovskite absorber layer and charge transport layers with good photoelectric performance to improve the efficiency of charge extraction,through advanced technologies such as passivation engineering,additive engineering,energy level matching engineering,component engineering,etc.The device efficiency with high quality functional layers can reach over 22%.However,conventional perovskite materials have poor stability problem under the light,humidity and thermal condition.Quasi-two-dimensional and all-inorganic perovskite solar cells are also developed by changing the composition of the absorption layer,which is more suitable for practical applications.Considering different application scenarios,perovskite solar cells can be designed as flexible and semi-transparent devices and transparent conductive electrodes are the key part in them.Among perovskite-based tandem solar cells,tandem devices combining perovskite and silicon solar cells are promising candidates to achieve power conversion efficiencies above 30%at reasonable costs.By optimizing light trapping strategies and additive engineering and other methods to reduce optical and electrical losses,one can significantly improve the efficiency of perovkkite/Si tandem solar cells without significant increase in material costs.In this paper,the history of device d
作者
刘璋
陈新亮
侯国付
李跃龙
丁毅
赵颖
张晓丹
LIU Zhang;CHEN Xinliang;HOU Guofu;LI Yuelong;DING Yi;ZHAO Ying;ZHANG Xiaodan(Institute of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China;Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin,Tianjin 300071,China)
出处
《材料导报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第15期15031-15046,共16页
Materials Reports
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1500103)
科技研究项目(S1F1007011)。
关键词
钙钛矿太阳电池
钙钛矿/硅叠层
器件结构
功能层
光电转换效率
perovskite solar cells
perovskite/silicon tandem
device structure
functional layer
photoelectric conversion efficiency
