摘要
【目的】研究新疆北疆“滴水出苗”棉田高产种植措施,分析其关键技术,为大面积棉花绿色高效高产稳产提供支持。【方法】以2017~2019年在新疆北疆棉区连续创建的7个棉花高产点为研究对象,定点观察其种植技术,并持续追踪和梳理。【结果】皮棉单产为2700 kg/hm^(2)的“滴水出苗”机采棉高产田以壤土为主,肥力中上;品种抗病虫逆性好,结铃性强,铃重、衣分适中,种子质量好;全生育期需滴水6000 m^(3)/hm^(2)左右,滴水9~11次,尿素、磷肥、钾肥用量1425~1575 kg/hm^(2),花铃期是水肥需求的高峰期,应适量补施硼锌肥;化控坚持“早、轻、勤”原则,次数约6~8次,进水前化控,打顶后化控2~3次,前轻后重;早防早治虫害;落叶催熟剂适期、分次喷施,及时采收。【结论】有效建立“滴水出苗”棉田平均收获株数201.3×10^(3)株/hm^(2)、总铃数1416.8×10^(3)个/hm^(2)以上的田间管理技术体系,实现机采棉皮棉2700 kg/hm^(2)的高产目标。
【Objective】As one of the core objectives of cotton planting,high yield has always been a research hotspot.This paper intends to trace the technical measures of high-yield planting in the cotton field of"dry sowing and dripping seedling"in the north of Xinjiang,and clarify the technical essentials of its key links,so as to provide support for a wider range of high and s Table yield in the future.【Methods】Based on the 7 high yield points continuously established by the research group in 2017-2019 in northern Xinjiang cotton area and the basis of extensive investigation and fixed-point observation,the planting technology was continuously tracked and thoroughly combed.【Results】The high-yield cotton field(2,700 kg/hm^(2))of"dry sowing and dripping seedling"was mainly loam,with medium fertility;The varieties had good resistance to disease and insect,strong boll,moderate boll weight,clothing content,and good seed quality;About 6,000 m^(3)/ha of drip water was needed in the whole growth period,9-11 times of drip water was needed,the fertilizer was urea,phosphate fertilizer,potassium fertilizer 1,425-1,575 kg/hm^(2),and the peak of water and fertilizer was in the flowering and bolling period,with proper spraying of zinc and boron fertilizer,chemical control should adhere to the principle of"early,light and diligent",about 6-8 times,chemical control shall be carried out before water inflow,2-3 times after topping,and the former should be light and the latter should be heavy;Insect damage should be prevented and treated early;Defoliation ripening agent should be sprayed in proper period and times,and collected in time.【Conclusion】Under the normal climate conditions,through the fine control of each link of cotton high-yield,the field management technology system with the average number of harvested plants of 201.3 k/hm^(2) and the total number of bolls of 1,416.8 k/hm^(2),is effectively established and the high-yield target of 2,700 kg/hm^(2) of machine-picked cotton is finally achieved.This technology provid
作者
阿里甫·艾尔西
朱家辉
田立文
王为然
宁新民
孔杰
Alifu Aierxi;ZHU Jiahui;TIAN Liwen;WANG Weiran;NING Xinmin;KONG Jie(Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)
出处
《新疆农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第8期1373-1381,共9页
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0101604)
棉花产业技术体系(CARS-15-09)
转基因专项(2016ZX08005-005)
国家自然基金(31660411,31460306)
新疆自治区天山英才计划(201720301)
新疆农科院经作所人才培养项目(201902)。
关键词
机采棉
滴水出苗
高产
种植技术
machine-picked cotton
dry sowing and dripping seedling
high yield
planting technology
