摘要
针对现有耕作试验台难以满足双轴耕作部件测试的需求、室内测试重塑土难以反映作业现场真实环境的问题,设计了一种集前轴正转抛土、后轴反转碎土功能于一体的双轴旋耕碎土田间移动式试验台,可实现前后刀轴相对位置及转速比的实时调整。阐述了整机工作原理,分析了前后刀轴相对位置的调节范围、碎土刀轴位置调节机构结构参数、旋耕刀轴调速装置的运动参数,计算并选型了碎土刀轴调速系统、功耗测试系统中液压及电气元件。为提高分层耕作质量同时降低作业能耗,以前期研究的双轴起垄机的双轴旋耕碎土关键部件为研究对象,开展了分层旋碎的田间试验,并采用中心组合试验设计方法,以两轴水平间距、垂直间距、碎土刀轴转速为影响因素,以双刀辊作业平均功耗、表层5 cm土层的碎土率为评价指标进行响应曲面分析。利用Design-Expert软件进行数据分析,建立各因素和平均功耗、碎土率之间的回归模型,分析各因素对平均功耗、碎土率的显著性,同时对影响因素进行了综合优化。试验结果表明:各因素对平均功耗影响由大到小依次为水平间距、碎土刀轴转速、垂直间距;各因素对碎土率影响由大到小依次为水平间距、垂直间距、碎土刀轴转速;最优工作参数组合为水平间距为570 mm、垂直间距为96 mm、碎土刀轴转速为340 r/min,对应的平均功耗为17.92 kW、碎土率为91.65%,且各评价指标与其理论优化值的相对误差均小于5%。试验表明,所设计的双轴旋转耕作部件性能测试试验台设计合理,能够满足多因素多水平的测试需求,为双轴旋转型耕作部件的优化设计提供了新的测试手段。
A biaxial rotary tillage machine is widely used in intelligent agriculture with ever-increasing demands in recent years in China,such as biaxial rotary tiller,biaxial stubble cutter,and biaxial ridging machine,because of its high operation efficiency,less soil compaction,and low energy consumption.A test bench is mostly utilized to simulate the field condition for the rotary tillage machinery,in order to reduce the rework times for higher design efficiency.Much effort has been made to explore the technology and theory of rotary tillage machines,especially commonly-used linear-and rotary-type indoor test benches.But there are still some limitations in these kinds of test bench at present,such as low universality,only suitable for a single axis rotary tillage test.Meanwhile,most test benches are fixed indoor installation covering a large area with low mobility and reliability.As such,the indoor test using remolded soil is difficult to reflect the real environment of operation sites.Therefore,it is highly demanding for a new test device to improve the performance of biaxial rotary tillage machines,according to the fundamental theory of single axis rotary tillage.In this study,a field mobile test bench was proposed to perform the throwing soil with the forward rotary blade roller,with the crushing soil with the backward crushing roller.These operations aimed to meet the high agronomic requirements of vegetable layered tillage,where the topsoil was fine soil,while the subsoil contained some large soil particles.A prototype of a biaxial ridge machine was then designed,together with the key components,to realize the real-time adjustment of relative space distance of two shafts,as well as the rotation speed ratio of front-rear roller shafts.A theoretical analysis was made on the working range of relative spatial position between two roller shafts,the structural parameters for the position adjustment device in the crushing roller shaft,and the motion parameters for the rotary speed adjustment device in the rotary blade sh
作者
管春松
崔志超
高庆生
王树林
陈永生
杨雅婷
Guan Chunsong;Cui Zhichao;Gao Qingsheng;Wang Shulin;Chen Yongsheng;Yang Yating(Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;College of Mechanical Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第10期28-37,共10页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000300)
江苏省现代农业装备与技术协同创新中心项目(4091600020)
江苏现代农业(蔬菜)产业技术体系项目(JATS(2020)457)。
关键词
农业机械
耕作
试验台
双轴
功耗试验
参数优化
agricultural machinery
tillage
test bench
biaxial
power consumption test
parameters optimization
