摘要
成都万佛寺遗址出土的一尊梁朝坐佛并十二护法神像,依据刘宋僧人慧简于大明元年依经抄撰的《药师琉璃光经》,可确定为药师佛并十二神王像。这是迄今发现的年代最早的药师佛并十二神王像,也是迄今发现的南方最早的药师佛像。慧简本《药师经》是中国历史上最早的药师经典,它不仅引发了南朝的药师佛信仰,也在传入北方后造就了北朝佛教界的药师佛信仰与相关图像的制作。由于该经在南北朝被认为是伪经,限制了药师佛信仰及其艺术发展,迄今发现的少量梁朝、北魏、东魏、北齐药师佛像,或为立菩萨像,或与一般释迦像相似,没有自身的独特形象。入隋以后,捧钵佛像成为药师佛的标准形象,如万佛寺那样的药师佛与十二护法相组合的图像成为判断药师佛题材的标准之一。
The Liang-dynasty sculptures of a seated Buddha figure and twelve guardian deities unearthed in the Ten-Thousand Buddha Monastery site(WànfóSìin Chinese pinyin)in Chengdu are identified as the Healing Buddha Bhaishajyaguru with his protectors by the Sutra of Healing Buddha Bhaisajyaguru by Monk Huijian in 457.They are considered as the earliest images of Healing Buddha and his twelve guardians,and the first southern Healing Buddha image ever discovered so far.Monk Huijian’s Sutra of the Healing Buddha as the first medicine classics inspired people to worship Healing Buddha in the Southern Dynasty.With its spreading northward,the Healing Buddha belief arose in the Buddha realm of the Northern Dynasty and the Healing Buddha image came out along.However,the words that Huijian’s Sutra of the Healing Buddha was the faked hampered the Healing Buddha belief spreading and artistic developing.The unearthed sculptures of Healing Buddha Bhaishajyaguru of the Liang,Northern-Wei and Eastern-Wei,and the Northern Qi dynasties successively have no typical shared feature of their own,taking after a standing bodhisattva or a seated Buddha Sakyamuni.Not until the Sui dynasty was the Buddha holding a bowl with the hands was taken as the representative image of Healing Buddha Bhaishajyaguru.Therefore,the Buddha figure with his twelve guardian deities of the Ten-Thousand Buddhas Monastery makes one of the criteria on the Healing Buddha Bhaishajyaguru thematically.
出处
《故宫博物院院刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第7期4-23,139,共21页
Palace Museum Journal
基金
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目资助的“中国佛教雕塑史研究”阶段性成果,项目编号:20JZD042。
关键词
成都万佛寺
南北朝
药师佛
药师经
慧简
十二神王
the Ten-Thousand Buddha Monastery site in Chengdu
the Southern and Northern dynasties
Bhaisajyaguru
the Sutra of the Healing Buddha Bhaisajyaguru
Huijian
twelve guardian deities
