摘要
【目的】研究施磷对玉米大豆间作系统氮素吸收、分配和间作优势的影响,为优化玉米与大豆间作系统氮、磷养分管理提供参考。【方法】两年盆栽试验设置3种种植方式:玉米单作、大豆单作、玉米与大豆间作;4个P_(2)O_(5)施用水平:0、50、100、150 mg/kg,分别以P0、P50、P100和P150表示。在玉米小喇叭口期、大喇叭口期、孕穗期、成熟期及大豆分枝期、开花期、结荚期、成熟期进行采样,分析玉米、大豆各器官氮素吸收、分配以及氮吸收间作优势对施磷的响应。【结果】与单作相比,在P0、P50、P100和P150水平下,2019年间作玉米和大豆籽粒生物量分别显著提高了38.2%~111.8%和22.2%~31.4%,2020年分别显著提高了38.2%~121.1%和13.0%~31.1%。在4个磷水平下,玉米大豆间作土地当量比(LER)为1.31~1.72。与P100水平下单作处理相比,在磷肥减施1/2(P50水平)条件下,玉米大豆间作并未降低玉米和大豆的籽粒生物量。间作种植提高了玉米与大豆叶、茎、根与籽粒等各器官氮素吸收量,显著提高了间作体系氮素吸收量,并促进了氮素向玉米籽粒的分配,却降低了氮素向大豆籽粒的分配。与P0水平相比,施磷进一步提高了间作体系玉米与大豆各器官的氮素吸收量,提高了间作体系氮吸收量与氮吸收间作优势,并促进了氮素向玉米籽粒的分配。与P100水平的单作相比,间作P50水平不会降低玉米与大豆植株的氮素吸收量与利用率。【结论】玉米与大豆间作具有明显的产量优势,土地当量比介于1.31~1.72之间。施磷可显著提高间作玉米和大豆的氮吸收量,并促进氮素向玉米籽粒的分配,具有明显的氮吸收间作优势。施磷水平调节玉米和大豆对养分的竞争能力,适宜的磷肥水平可缓解二者之间对氮素营养的竞争,获得更高的氮肥利用率。
【Objectives】We investigate the effects of P fertilizer application on N uptake and distribution with the aim of providing information on optimal N and P nutrient management in maize and soybean intercropping system.【Methods】A two-year pot experiment involving three planting patterns(monocropped maize,monocropped soybean,maize and soybean intercropping)and four P_(2)O_(5) rates(0,50,100,and 150 mg/kg,expressed as P0,P50,P100 and P150)was conducted.Maize samples were collected at the small belling,big belling,booting,and maturity stages.Soybean samples were collected at the branching,flowering,podding and maturity stages.The collected samples were analyzed for N uptake and distribution in different organs of maize and soybean.The response of N uptake under intercropping and its advantage under P fertilizer application was evaluated.【Results】Compared with monocropping,intercropping significantly increased the grain biomass of maize and soybean under P0,P50,P100 and P150 levels by 38.2%-111.8% and 22.2%-31.4% in 2019,and 38.2%-121.1% and 13.0%-31.1% in 2020,respectively.Land equivalent ratio(LER)was 1.31-1.72 under maize and soybean intercropping systems at the four P levels.The grain yield of intercropped maize and soybean did not decline in the P50 treatment,compared to the corresponding monocropping in the P100 treatment.Intercropping increased the N uptake of leaves,stems,roots,and grains of maize and soybean and significantly increased the N uptake of the intercropping system.Intercropping promoted N allocation to maize grains but decreased that to soybean grains.Compared with P0 treatments,P fertilization further increased N uptake in all organs of intercropped maize and soybean,had an intercropping advantage,and promoted N allocation to maize grains.Meanwhile,the N uptake and utilization efficiency of intercropped maize and soybean under P50 level did not reduce compared to monocropped maize and soybean under P100 level.【Conclusions】Maize and soybean intercropping showed a significant yield adv
作者
覃潇敏
潘浩男
肖靖秀
汤利
郑毅
QIN Xiao-min;PAN Hao-nan;XIAO Jing-xiu;TANG Li;ZHENG Yi(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China;Yunnan Open University,Kunming,Yunnan 650599,China)
出处
《植物营养与肥料学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期1173-1184,共12页
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200200/207)
国家自然科学基金项目(31760615,31760611,32060718)
云南省科技人才与平台计划(2019IC026)
云南省农业联合基础专项(2018FG001-071)。
关键词
施磷量
玉米大豆间作
氮素吸收与分配
间作优势
玉米大豆营养竞争比
phosphorus fertilizer rate
maize and soybean intercropping
nitrogen uptake and distribution
intercropping advantage
competition ratio of maize to soybean
