摘要
20世纪50年代美中之间的禁运与反禁运,是两种不同政治制度的博弈,美国企图通过经济手段达到把中国新政权扼杀在摇篮里的政治目的。美国的对华禁运,经历了从有限禁运到全面禁运、由单边禁运到多边国际禁运的演变。在实施禁运政策的过程中,美国贸易霸权得到充分显露。中国在反禁运的斗争中,策略得当,机智灵活。利用国内国际两个市场打开土产品销路;提高产品质量,进行技术创新,争取部分商品国际定价话语权;参加莫斯科国际经济会议,打开封锁禁运缺口;举办展览会、交易会,创新国际合作形式;发展与不同类型国家的经济贸易关系,分化瓦解国际禁运"联盟"。中国确立了自力更生为主的经济发展战略,和平共处五项原则中的"平等互利"等主张包含了反禁运的思想。中国成功粉碎了美国的政治企图,更加坚定了社会主义道路自信、制度自信。
Embargo & counter-embargo between the United States and China in the 1950 s was the game of two different political systems in which the U.S.was trying to use economic means to achieve the political objective of strangling the new Chinese regime in its cradle.The American embargo against China evolved from a limited embargo to a total embargo,from a unilateral embargo to a multilateral international embargo.In the course of implementing the embargo policy,the U.S.trade hegemony had been fully revealed.In the fight against the embargo,China adopted good strategy and acted according to the changing situation.It made use of both domestic and international markets to open up the market for local products.It improved product quality, carried out technological innovation and won the right in the international list price of some commodities.It participated in the Moscow International Economic Conference and opened the gap of embargo.It held exhibitions and trade fairs which innovated the forms of international cooperation.It developed economic and trade relations with different types of countries and broke up the international embargo "Alliance".China established a self-reliant economic development strategy, and its assertion of "equality and mutual benefit" in the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence included anti-embargo ideas.It had successfully crushed the political attempts of the United States and strengthened its self-confidence in the socialist road and system.
出处
《史学月刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第8期80-87,共8页
Journal of Historical Science
基金
河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划项目
河南省哲社项目“美国对南亚粮食援助与贸易霸权的历史考察研究”(2020BLS009)。
关键词
美中贸易
禁运政策
反禁运
Sino-US Trade
Embargo Policy
Counter embargo
