摘要
目的了解中国西部农村学校环境卫生情况,为改善学校卫生环境条件和促进学生健康发育提供数据支持和参考依据。方法以“学校全方位环境改善项目”为基础,于2018年9—12月在广西、贵州、重庆、云南、西藏各随机抽取12所小学,共60所小学38087名学生,通过访谈、现场观察与询问等方法调查学校环境卫生,从而获得调查数据。结果所有学校均有供水,有80.0%(48所)的学校供水能够满足师生使用需求,91.7%(55所)的学校为学生提供饮水设施,93.3%(56所)的学校为学生提供洗手设施,66.7%(40所)的学校为学生提供肥皂等清洁用品。71.7%(43所)的学校有卫生厕所,40.0%(24所)的学校女厕所蹲位数合格,86.7%(52所)的学校厕所清洁,58.3%(35所)的学校厕所无臭味。学校垃圾处理方式以专业机构收集为主,定点堆放为辅,分别占45.0%(27所)和35.0%(21所)。学校生活污水排放方式采用明沟排放、暗沟排放和管道排放的均占30%左右(22,17和20所)。有93.3%(56所)的学校开设健康教育课程,91.7%(55所)的学校有校园卫生制度,70.0%(42所)的学校有饮用水卫生管理制度,41.7%(25所)的学校有厕所管理制度。结论学校基础环境卫生硬件设施配备较好,但在环境卫生管理制度制定、配备洗手清洁用品等方面有待改善。
Objective To understand environmen and sanitation of rural schools in western China,and to provide data support and reference for improving school environmental conditions and facilities and promoting the healthy development of students.Methods Based on the"School Comprehensive Environmental Improvement Project",a total of 38087 students from 60 primary school from were randomly selected from 5 provinces in western China from September to December 2018.Environment and sanitation of schools was investigated through interviews,on-site observation and inquiry,so as to obtain the survey data.Results All schools had water supply,80.0%(48)could meet the needs of teachers and students,91.7%(55)provided drinking water facilities,93.3%(56)provided hand-washing facilities,and 66.7%(40)provided soap and other cleaning supplies for students.71.7%(43)of the schools had sanitary toilets,40.0%(24)toilets were qualified for femail,86.7%(52)were clean and 58.3%(35)were odorless.The garbage disposal Methods of schools are mainly collected by professional institutions,supplemented by fixed-point stacking,accounting for 45.0%(27)and 35.0%(21)respectively.About 30%(22,17,20)of school sewage is discharged by open ditch,underground ditch and pipeline.93.3%(56)of schools offered health education courses,91.7%(55)had sanitation system,70.0%(42)had drinking water sanitation management system,and 41.7%(25)had toilet management system.Conclusion The basic environmental sanitation facilities in the school are well equipped,and there are some problems to be improved in the establishment of environmental sanitation management system and the provision of hand washing and cleaning supplies.
作者
查玉娥
符元证
姚伟
CHA Yu'e;FU Yuanzheng;YAO Wei(National Center for Rural Water Supply Technical Guidance,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing(102200),China;不详)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第7期1083-1087,共5页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
联合国儿童基金会项目。
关键词
环境监测
环境卫生
组织和管理
农村卫生
Environmental monitoring
Environmental health
Organization and administration
Rural health
