摘要
目的分析我国食品甜味剂的联合使用情况,并评估常见甜味剂组合的摄入水平及其累积风险。方法根据全球新产品数据库(Global New Products Database,GNPD)中我国食品甜味剂的联合使用情况、甜味剂的健康指导值、《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》GB 2760-2014中甜味剂的最大使用量以及2015~2019年食品安全风险监测数据,结合总膳食研究消费量数据,采用简单分布法计算我国一般人群常见甜味剂组合的理论和实际暴露量,并采用危害指数法(hazard index,HI)进行累积风险评估。结果我国使用甜味剂的食品中有45.61%使用2种及以上的甜味剂,使用率最高的是二元组合(27.18%),其次为三元(12.63%)和四元组合(4.24%),最多存在7种甜味剂的组合使用。一般人群三元组合(安赛蜜、糖精钠和甜蜜素)和四元组合(阿斯巴甜、糖精钠、三氯蔗糖和甜蜜素)以及高食物量消费人群(P95)膳食中每日平均理论和实际暴露量均低于其每日允许摄入量(acceptable daily intake,ADI)。一般人群单独的安赛蜜、糖精钠和甜蜜素理论暴露量超其ADI的个体有941个,占总人数的2.94%,单独的阿斯巴甜、糖精钠、三氯蔗糖和甜蜜素理论暴露量超其ADI的个体有1232个,占总人数的3.85%,而实际暴露量均未出现超过ADI的个体。理论累积风险评估发现通过三元组合的使用,有2024个个体的HI>1,占总人数的6.33%,通过四元组合的使用,有2245个个体的HI>1,占总人数的7.02%。实际累积风险评估发现通过三元组合的使用,仅有1个个体HI>1,占总人数的0.003%,四元组合的使用未出现HI>1的个体。结论我国食品甜味剂常以多元形式使用,最常见的三元和四元甜味剂组合的累积风险较低,但三元和四元甜味剂组合中如果按最大使用量联合使用所带来的健康风险是单独使用的2倍。
Objective To study the combined use of sweeteners in Chinese food and to assess the intake levels of the commonly used sweeteners combinations and their cumulative risk.Methods The theoretical and actual exposure of common sweeteners were calculated by simple distribution assessment method based on the maximum usage of sweeteners of National Food Safety Standards for the Use of Food Additives GB 2760-2014,the result of food safety risk monitoring in China from 2015 to 2019 and consumption data from China total diet study.The cumulative risk was calculated by the hazard index method(HI)based on the combined use of sweeteners in Chinese food in the Global New Product Database(GNPD),the exposure and acceptable daily intake(ADI)of sweeteners.Results 45.61%of foods with added sweeteners in China used two or more sweeteners,the highest utilization rate was binary combination(27.18%),followed by ternary(12.63%)and quaternary(4.24%)combination,there were at most seven kinds of sweeteners used in combination.The average daily theoretical and actual exposure in the diet of the general population and high-food consumers(P95)in the ternary combination(acesulfame potassium,sodium saccharin and sodium cyclamate)and the quaternary combination(aspartame,sodium saccharin,sucralose and sodium cyclamate)were lower than their ADI.In the general population,941 individuals whose theoretical exposure of acesulfame potassium,sodium saccharin,sodium cyclamate exceeded their ADI,accounting for 3.85%of the total population,1232 individuals whose theoretical exposure of aspartame,sodium saccharin,sucralose and sodium cyclamate exceeded their ADI,accounting for 3.85%of the total population,no individual whose actual exposure exceeded their ADI.The theoretical cumulative assessment found that through the use of ternary combination,there were 2024 individuals with HI>1,accounting for 6.33%of the total population.And through the use of quaternary combination,there were 2245 individuals with HI>1,accounting for 7.02%of the total population.The a
作者
常炯炯
雍凌
肖潇
李善雅文
杨大进
宋书锋
徐海滨
宋雁
CHANG Jiong-jiong;YONG Ling;XIAO Xiao;LI Shan-yawen;YANG Da-jin;SONG Shu-feng;XU Hai-bin;SONG Yan(Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan Ningxia 750004,China;China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment,Beijing 100022,China;School of Public Health,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430030,China)
出处
《毒理学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
2021年第3期184-192,共9页
Journal of Toxicology
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1604306)。
关键词
安赛蜜
阿斯巴甜
三氯蔗糖
糖精钠
甜蜜素
暴露评估
累积风险评估
Acesulfame potassium
Aspartame
Sucralose
Sodium saccharin
Sodium cyclamate
Exposure assessment
Cumulative risk assessment
