摘要
康德将自由的实现寄托于人遵循纯粹理性规定,依照道德律令行事。为了确保人能实现自由,康德不得不公设"灵魂不朽"和"上帝存在"。然而,将自由寄托于来世,将上帝迎接回来也就意味康德自由观的现实生命力就此窒息。马克思继承了康德哲学的宝贵遗产,并立足于现实世界对其进行了积极反思。马克思从"人是人的最高本质"反思"人是目的",指出人的自由在于人的最高本质的恢复;从"物质生产实践"反思"道德实践",将自由的实现落实在物质生产实践活动中;从"自由王国"反思"目的王国",认为人的自由将会在自由王国中实现。不同于康德的纯形式自由观,马克思以感性活动的人为出发点,立足于物质生产实践,找到了实现自由的途径,完成了对康德自由观内在困境的超越。
Kant entrusted the realization of freedom to human beings to follow the pure rational rules and act according to moral laws and regulations. In order to ensure that human beings can realize freedom,Kant has to establish the"immortal soul"and"God being". However,the fact that Kant’s view of freedom is choked by the fact that freedom is placed on the afterlife and the return of God. Marx inherited the valuable heritage of Kant philosophy and made a positive reflection on it,based on the real world. Marx reflected on"man is the highest essence of human"and pointed out that human freedom lies in the restoration of the highest essence of human;from the practice of material production to reflect on"moral practice",the realization of freedom will be implemented in the practice of material production;from the"free kingdom"to reflect on"the kingdom of purpose",he thinks that human freedom will be realized in the free kingdom. Unlike Kant’s pure form freedom view,Marx,starting from the perceptual activities,based on the practice of material production,found the way to realize freedom and completed the transcendence of the inner predicament of Kant’s freedom view.
作者
毛俊超
陈文殿
MAO Junchao;CHEN Wendinn(School of Maximn,Qufu Noxnal Univexity,Qufu 273165,China)
出处
《东莞理工学院学报》
2021年第4期14-19,76,共7页
Journal of Dongguan University of Technology
基金
山东省研究生教育优质课程建设项目“马克思主义发展史专题研究”(SDYKC18075)。
关键词
康德
自由
内在困境
反思与超越
Kant
freedom
inner dilemma
reflection and transcendence
