摘要
为明确在氮肥调控和地膜覆盖措施下冬小麦的产量形成变化规律和氮肥利用效率情况以及为晋南旱地小麦减少氮肥施用量及提高产量提供理论依据,于2017~2019年在晋南旱地小麦种植区设置农户种植模式(T1)、测土配方施肥模式(T2)、测土配方+垄膜沟播模式(T3)、测土配方+全膜穴播模式(T4)和不施肥(CK)5个处理,具体分析了在氮肥调控与地膜覆盖条件下连续2年的冬小麦群体动态、干物质量积累和产量情况以及氮肥利用效率。结果表明:(1)T2在2年总施氮量减少23%的情况下,收获期冬小麦的群体总茎(穗)数和干物质积累量无显著差异,且产量增加了2.4%,氮肥收获指数提高了6.0%,氮生理效率降低了3.6%,氮肥偏生产力提高了34.4%;(2)在T2基础上进行覆膜种植后,T3和T4较T2可使冬小麦群体结构分别增加5.1%~16.8%和14.3%~30.8%,干物质积累量分别增加5.7%~21.8%和9.3%~31.4%,产量分别增加18.5%和33.6%,氮肥收获指数分别提高3.2%和3.6%,氮生理效率分别降低5.0%和9.7%,氮肥表观回收率分别提高79.7%和198.1%,氮肥偏生产力分别提高18.2%和33.0%。因此,在晋南旱地冬小麦种植区采用测土配方施肥结合地膜覆盖的种植方式,可在保证冬小麦产量的同时减少氮肥施用量,该种植模式可在晋南地区进行推广应用。
In order to clarify the yield formation of winter wheat and nitrogen use efficiency under nitrogen fertilizer regulation and mulching measures,four treatments[i.e.Farmers’fertilization(T1),Formula fertilization by soil test(T2),Formula fertilization by soil test plus ridge mulching-furrow sowing(T3),Formula fertilization by soil test plus whole mulching-hole sowing(T4)]were conducted during 2017~2019 in the winter wheat growing region of dry lands in southern Shanxi province.The population dynamics,dry matter mass,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under the four treatments were studied.The results showed that:(1)Compared to T1 treatment,the nitrogen application was reduced by 23%under T2 treatment.The yield increased by 2.4%,the nitrogen harvest index increased by 6.0%,the nitrogen physiological efficiency decreased by 3.6%,and the nitrogen partial productivity increased by 34.4%.There were no significant differences in the total stem(panicle)number and dry matter accumulation of winter wheat at the harvesting stage.(2)Compared to the T2 treatment,under the T3 and T4 treatment,the population structure of winter wheat increased by 5.1~16.8%and 14.3%~30.8%,the dry matter accumulation increased by 5.7%~21.8%and 9.3%~31.4%,the yield increased by 18.5%and 33.6%,the nitrogen harvest index increased by 3.2%and 3.6%,the nitrogen physiological efficiency decreased by 5.0%and 9.7%,the apparent recovery of nitrogen increased by 79.7%and 198.1%,and the partial productivity of nitrogen increased by 18.2%and 33.0%,respectively.Therefore,formula fertilization by soil test combined mulching,which could ensure the wheat yield and reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer,should be recommended in southern Shanxi province.
作者
冯悦晨
于志勇
周怀平
解文艳
杨振兴
FENG Yue-chen;YU Zhi-yong;ZHOU Huai-ping;XIE Wen-yan;YANG Zhen-xing(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030031)
出处
《中国土壤与肥料》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第3期63-69,共7页
Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China
基金
汾河平原小麦化肥减施增产技术研究与综合模式示范(2018YFD0200404-05)
石灰性褐土土壤养分循环特征与质量提升研究(201703D211002-0302)。
关键词
氮肥调控
地膜覆盖
冬小麦
产量形成
氮肥利用效率
nitrogen regulation
plastic film mulching
winter wheat
yield formation
nitrogen use efficiency
