摘要
四川盆地及其周缘地表地质条件复杂,地震资料信噪比低、成像效果差、采集施工难度大。为了支撑该盆地复杂地表地震勘探项目的高质量运行,近年来针对复杂地表地震采集技术瓶颈问题持续攻关,通过技术创新有效地推进了采集技术与施工作业能力升级,形成了一系列复杂地表地震采集关键技术。该系列技术的应用结果表明:①基于声波方程正演和实际资料与叠前偏移成像相结合的观测系统优化设计技术,可以更加直观地展现不同采集方案对复杂目标叠前成像效果的影响,地震采集方案更加经济有效;②通过智能提取地形风险及地表障碍物信息,结合野外精细踏勘,开展地形风险识别与分级评价、室内智能优化布设井炮物理点,形成了复杂地表区GIS+炮点智能布设技术,有效地降低了施工作业风险;③采用降低爆炸脉冲初始压力和延长炸药爆炸作用时间的空腔激发技术,可以提高岩石激发能量的有效弹性波能量转化率、提高反射能量和地震单炮资料品质;④研发所形成的山地地震野外资料质量自动评价技术与KL-GMLiveQC 1.0软件相结合,可以提高评价效率、节约评价成本,保证了复杂地表地震资料的高质量获取。结论认为,上述系列地震采集关键技术大幅度提高了地震资料的信噪比与分辨率,为精细储层预测奠定了基础,确保了四川盆地海相碳酸盐岩气藏、页岩气藏、火山岩气藏、浅层致密砂岩气藏4大领域的天然气立体勘探开发工作持续取得重要突破。
The earth surface in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery is geologically complex,which causes low signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data,poor imaging quality of seismic profiles and great difficulty in acquisition construction.In order to ensure high-quality operation of the seismic exploration project in the complex surface of the Sichuan Basin,researchers have been working continuously to solve the bottleneck problems in the seismic acquisition technology for complex surface in recent years.In addition,the upgrading of acquisition technology and construction operation capacity is promoted effectively by means of technical innovation,and a series of key technologies for seismic acquisition are developed.And the following application results of this series of technologies are obtained.First,the optimization design technology of the observation system based on wave equation forward modeling and actual data,combined with prestack migration imaging can show the influence of different acquisition schemes on the prestack imaging effect of complex targets more directly,which makes the seismic acquisition scheme more economic and effective.Second,by extracting landform risks and surface obstacle information intelligently,combined with field fine reconnaissance,landform risk identification and hierarchical evaluation and indoors intelligent optimization of well-shot physical point deployment are conducted,and thus the GIS+intelligent deployment technology of shot point in complex surface is formed,which effectively reduces the risks of construction operation.Third,the cavity excitation technology which reduces the initial pressure of explosive pulse and extends the explosive action time of explosives can increase the conversion rate of rock excitation energy into effective elastic wave energy and the reflected energy and improve the quality of seismic single shot data.Fourth,combination of the automatic evaluation technology for field seismic data acquired in mountainous regions and the KL-GMLiveQC1.0 software can improve
作者
王晓阳
张晓斌
赵晓红
胡峰
任聪
王光银
黎书琴
孙偲轶
王书彦
罗文
WANG Xiaoyang;ZHANG Xiaobin;ZHAO Xiaohong;HU Feng;REN Cong;WANG Guangyin;LI Shuqin;SUN Siyi;WANG Shuyan;LUO Wen(College of Geophysics,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu,Sichuan 610059,China;Southwest Geophysical Branch,BGP Inc.,CNPC,Chengdu,Sichuan 610213,China;Exploration Department,PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield Company,Chengdu,Sichuan 610051,China;Research&Development Center,BGP Inc.,CNPC,Chengdu,Sichuan 610213,China)
出处
《天然气工业》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期15-23,共9页
Natural Gas Industry
基金
中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项“西南油气田天然气上产300亿立方米关键技术研究与应用”课题四“四川盆地碳酸盐岩地球物理关键技术研究与应用”(编号:2016E-06-04)。
关键词
四川盆地
复杂地表
观测系统优化设计
炮点智能布设
空腔激发
质控与评价
资料信噪比
Sichuan Basin
Complex surface
Optimization design of observation system
Intelligent deployment of shot points
cavity excitation
Quality control and evaluation
Signal-to-noise ratio of data
