摘要
钨矿作为一种战略矿产,是我国的重要优势资源。目前,浮选技术已经成为复杂钨资源分离提取的关键技术,浮选分离的可行性和效率取决于矿石的工艺矿物学特征,其与钨矿的地质成矿条件息息相关。从地球化学的角度,总结了我国钨矿成矿的特征规律及其与浮选的关系。钨成矿过程中强烈的花岗岩岩浆分异、高的氟含量以及围岩性质等都对钨的富集和矿化十分重要,决定着钨的迁移成矿及矿床类型。不同的构造—岩浆机制作用下形成了各具特征的不同类型矿床,如石英脉型白钨矿床、云英岩型白钨矿床以及矽卡岩型钨矿床等,这些不同类型矿床在脉石矿物类型和含量等方面存在巨大差异。根据矿床类型及特性,选矿工作者开发了一系列钨矿浮选技术,例如石英脉型脂肪酸常温浮选技术、云英岩型脂肪酸粗选—加温精选技术、矽卡岩型螯合捕收剂粗选—加温精选技术。特别是针对复杂高钙黑白钨混合钨矿资源的配合物捕收剂常温浮选技术,极大地提高了我国钨矿资源高效开发利用的水平。在钨矿浮选技术的发展中,钨矿地质成矿规律不仅决定着矿石的本质特性,同时也为浮选药剂和浮选技术的开发提供了新的解决方案和新思路。
As an important strategic resource,tungsten ore is a superiority resource in China. Flotation technology has been the main technology for the separation of complex tungsten resources. The feasibility and efficiency of flotation separation depend on the mineralogy characteristics of ore,which is closely related to the geological mineralization. From the perspective of geochemistry,the principle of tungsten mineralization and its relationship with flotation are summarized in this paper. In the mineralizationof tungsten,granite magmatic differentiation,high F content,and surrounding rock properties are very crucial to the enrichment and mineralization of tungsten,and determine the migration and mineralization of tungsten and deposit types. Different tectono-magmatic mechanisms contribute to the differentdeposit types and there are great differences in the types and contents of gangue minerals in these different deposits.Accordingly,a series of tungsten ore flotation technology were developed,such as fatty-acid flotation ofquartz vein type,fatty acid roughing-heating cleaning of greisen type,chelating collector roughing-heating cleaning ofskarn type.Especially for complex high-calcium scheelite and wolframitemixed ore,the flotation technology of complex collectorgreatly improves the efficient exploitation and utilization of tungsten resources.The geological ore-forming principles of tungsten ore not only determines the essential characteristics of the ore,but also provide a new train of thoughts for the development of flotation reagents and technology.
作者
付君浩
韩海生
孙伟
卫召
FU Junhao;HAN Haisheng;SUN Weib;WEI Zhaoh(School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China)
出处
《金属矿山》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第6期2-14,共13页
Metal Mine
基金
国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(编号:51804340)
矿物加工科学与技术国家重点实验室开放基金项目(编号:BGRIMM-KJSKL-2019)
湖南省伴生萤石综合回收利用氟化工工程技术研究中心项目(编号:2020ТP2006)。
关键词
钨矿床
岩浆分异
钨矿浮选
脂肪酸
Pb-BHA配合物
tungsten deposit
magmatic differentiation
tungsten flotation
fatty acid
Pb-BHA complexes
