摘要
描述偏误和评估偏误一直是汉字书写偏误研究中的难题。文章以葡萄牙零起点学生的错字为例,借此阐述错字归类的影响因素和评估偏误的统计指标。发现:在错字归类上,对有归类矛盾的错字,学习者的学习经历、汉语水平和书写习惯,语料呈现的连续性、语境、题型和试题内容等对错字归类的影响比归类原则更可靠、更有说服力;在评估偏误上,分别从个体层面和群体层面,按照理解性、严重性和冒犯性三个维度评估偏误。在理解性上,评估者在含有偏误的语言单位的理解上几乎不存在任何问题;在严重性上,笔际关系偏误、少笔画偏误和部件替换偏误是葡萄牙零起点学习者的主要偏误类型;在冒犯性上,语言单位中偏误字的偏误数量越多,偏误层级越高,该语言单位就越易激怒评估者,且语境在评估偏误中发挥了重要作用。
Description error and evaluation error are always challenges to the study of the errors in the writing of Chinese characters by foreigners.This paper takes some errors by Portuguese beginning-level students as an example to illustrate the influential factors of misclassification and the statistical indicators for evaluating the errors.As for the classification of wrongly written characters,the learners'learning experiences,Chinese proficiency and writing habits,the consistency of the corpus,contexts,and types of test items have stronger influence on the classification of wrongly written characters than the principle of classification.At the individual level and the group level,errors are assessed according to three dimensions:comprehensibility,severity and aggressiveness.In terms of comprehensibility,they have almost no problems in understanding the language units.In terms of severity,the errors of stroke relationship,the lack of strokes and the component substitution are the main types of errors.In terms of aggressiveness,the more errors in the language units and the more serious of the errors,the more likely the relevant language units will irritate the evaluators.The context also plays a key role in evaluating errors.
作者
牛士伟
NIU Shiwei(International Cooperation&Exchange Division,Tianjin Foreign Studies University,Tianjin 300204,China)
出处
《云南师范大学学报（对外汉语教学与研究版）》
2021年第4期75-85,共11页
Journal of Yunnan Normal University(Teaching & Studying Chinese as a Foreign Language Edition)
基金
2020年度天津市教委科研计划项目(2020SK089)“外国人汉字书写偏误分析中的鉴别、归类与评估研究”。
关键词
汉字书写
偏误分析
归类
评估
writing of Chinese characters
error analysis
classification
evaluation
